A motion sensor assembly is adapted to determine an angular velocity of a moving contrast in its field of view. The motion sensor assembly includes: a motion sensor with a first and a second analog photoreceptor each adapted for observing the moving contrast, the first and the second photoreceptors being separated by a predetermined interreceptor angle; and an angular velocity calculating unit connected to the first and second photoreceptors for calculating the angular velocity of the moving contrast based on a first and a second analog signal delivered by the first and the second photoreceptors, respectively. The first and the second analog signals delivered by the first and the second photoreceptors at are sampled a given sampling frequency to obtain a first and a second digital signal, respectively. An interpolator is configured to interpolate the first and the second digital signals upon their crossing a predetermined threshold between successive samples.

The present invention provides an online measuring method of particle (such as bubbles, droplets and solid particles) velocity in multiphase reactor. The method based on an online multiphase measuring instrument includes the following steps: (1) the online multiphase measuring instrument is placed into the multiphase reactor, and then a particle image produced by two or more exposures are obtained; (2) the actual size of individual pixel in the particle image is determined; (3) valid particles are determined in the depth of field; (4) then the centroid coordinates are conversed to the actual length of the coordinates (x.sub.t,i, y.sub.t,i) and (x.sub.t+Δt,i, y.sub.t+Δt,i) using the actual size of individual pixel. Thus, the instantaneous velocity of particles can be calculated by

[00001]$V_i=\sqrt{\frac{{\left(x_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-x_{t,i}\right)}^2+{\left(y_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-y_{t,i}\right)}^2}{\Delta .Math..Math.t}}.$

The method can realize real-time measurement of the velocity distribution of bubbles, droplets or solid particles in a multiphase reactor, and the measurement accuracy is high.

The present invention provides an online measuring method of particle (such as bubbles, droplets and solid particles) velocity in multiphase reactor. The method based on an online multiphase measuring instrument includes the following steps: (1) the online multiphase measuring instrument is placed into the multiphase reactor, and then a particle image produced by two or more exposures are obtained; (2) the actual size of individual pixel in the particle image is determined; (3) valid particles are determined in the depth of field; (4) then the centroid coordinates are conversed to the actual length of the coordinates (x.sub.t,i, y.sub.t,i) and (x.sub.t+Δt,i, y.sub.t+Δt,i) using the actual size of individual pixel. Thus, the instantaneous velocity of particles can be calculated by

[00001]$V_i=\sqrt{\frac{{\left(x_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-x_{t,i}\right)}^2+{\left(y_{t+\Delta .Math..Math.t,i}-y_{t,i}\right)}^2}{\Delta .Math..Math.t}}.$

The method can realize real-time measurement of the velocity distribution of bubbles, droplets or solid particles in a multiphase reactor, and the measurement accuracy is high.

Systems and methods are described where odometry information that is obtained from a video camera mounted on an underwater vehicle is used to estimate the velocity of the underwater vehicle. The techniques described herein estimate the velocity of the underwater vehicle passively without emitting sound or other energy from the underwater vehicle.

An optical velocity measuring apparatus which can restrict the effect of rotational motion of a moving object and estimate a velocity of its own with high accuracy, for a moving object with no wheels or a moving object of which the wheels slip includes an imager, provided in a moving object, for imaging a traveling surface such that a shift amount of each pixel at a time when an imaging target surface has shifted varies depending on a position of the pixel within an image, and the optical velocity measuring apparatus acquires a pixel shift amount gradient, which is a change in the shift amount of each pixel with respect to a predetermined axis, from a plurality of images captured by the imaging means in a time series and a velocity of the moving object from the pixel shift amount gradient is acquired.

A method for controlling gas dynamic cold spraying, the method including providing a particle jet by using an accelerating nozzle, according to a first set of operating parameters, illuminating the particle jet with illuminating light pulses, capturing one or more images of the particle jet by using an imaging unit, and determining one or more velocity values by analyzing the captured images,
wherein the method includes providing two or more sequences of illuminating light pulses during an exposure time period of a single captured image.

Systems and methods for determining a velocity of a fluid or an object are described. Systems and methods include receiving image data of the fluid or the object, the image data comprising a plurality of frames. Each frame comprises an array of pixel values. Systems and methods include creating a frame difference by subtracting an array of pixel values for a first frame of the image data from an array of pixel values for a second frame of the image data. Systems and methods include measuring a difference between a location of the object in the first frame of the image data and the second frame of the image data. Systems and methods include creating a correlation matrix based on the measured difference. Systems and methods include using the frame difference and the correlation matrix to automatically determine the velocity of the fluid or the object.

A method of determining geo-reference data for a portion of a measurement area includes providing a monitoring assembly comprising a ground station, providing an imaging assembly comprising an imaging device with a lens operably coupled to an aerial device, hovering the aerial device over a measurement area, capturing at least one image of the measurement area within the imaging device, transmitting the at least one image to the ground station using a data transmitting assembly, and scaling the at least one image to determine the geo-reference data for the portion of the measurement area by calculating a size of a field-of-view (FOV) of the lens based on a distance between the imaging device and the measurement area.

A method of determining geo-reference data for a portion of a measurement area includes providing a monitoring assembly comprising a ground station, providing an imaging assembly comprising an imaging device with a lens operably coupled to an aerial device, hovering the aerial device over a measurement area, capturing at least one image of the measurement area within the imaging device, transmitting the at least one image to the ground station using a data transmitting assembly, and scaling the at least one image to determine the geo-reference data for the portion of the measurement area by calculating a size of a field-of-view (FOV) of the lens based on a distance between the imaging device and the measurement area.

Present embodiments pertain to systems, apparatuses, and methods for analyzing and reporting rotational or reciprocating movements in mechanical structures, machines, and machine components, including measuring the speed of rotation or reciprocation of a component on the structure, through the use of an acquired video recording representing a plurality of cycles of motion, by measuring intensity values of a subset of pixels contained in a region of interest within the video recording in a plurality of frames of the video recording, thereby determining distance per time period of rotational or reciprocal motion of a machine or machine component, and the application of numerical algorithm to the repeating patterns in the intensity waveform enables the determination of the average speed value or with the use of a gear wheel or graduated tape, instantaneous values for speed can be derived and the torsional vibration characteristics of the component determined.