A method for controlling a generator connected to a load involving obtaining a first measured value (M1) related to a forward power calculated with respect to reference impedance (Z.sub.c). The method involves adjusting an output of the generator in order that M1 tends to a first setpoint. The method further involves adjusting the first setpoint in order to adjust a second measured value (M2) of a conventional measure of generator output towards a second setpoint, where wherein the forward power calculated with respect to the reference impedance (Z.sub.c) is equal to: $\frac{{.Math.v+Z_{c}i.Math.}^2}{2\sqrt{\mathrm{real}\left(Z_c\right)}}$
where v is a voltage at a reference point, which may be between the generator and load input, and i is a current flowing relative to the load (e.g., current toward the load or a negative value of current toward the generator) at the reference point.

A high speed active tuning system for wideband modulated signals comprises a slabline with an adjustable signal coupler (wave-probe) and an electronic tuner in a feedback signal injection loop. The wave-probe controls the static amplitude and phase of the feedback signal and the electronic tuner controls the actual amplitude and phase of the re-injected signal. High speed calibration and search routines allow identifying tuner states satisfying instantaneously impedance targets over the entire modulation bandwidth.

A high speed active tuning system for wideband modulated signals comprises a slabline with an adjustable signal coupler (wave-probe) and an electronic tuner in a feedback signal injection loop. The wave-probe controls the static amplitude and phase of the feedback signal and the electronic tuner controls the actual amplitude and phase of the re-injected signal. High speed calibration and search routines allow identifying tuner states satisfying instantaneously impedance targets over the entire modulation bandwidth.

A testing system for testing a workpiece for a characteristic by irradiating microwaves to the workpiece and also irradiating a laser beam at an irradiation position of the microwaves, receiving microwaves reflected at the irradiation position where the workpiece has a reflectivity increased by carriers generated through photoexcitation, and measuring a lifetime of the carriers. The testing system includes a chuck table that holds the workpiece, a microwave irradiation unit that irradiates the microwaves to the workpiece held on the chuck table, a microwave reception unit that receives microwaves reflected by the workpiece, and a laser beam irradiation unit that irradiates the laser beam onto the irradiation position to which the microwaves have been irradiated.

A TRL calibration kit including THRU, REFLECT and a set of DELAY line standards and associated thread extension and holding device, allowing for employing more than one DELAY line standard without modifying the configuration, for higher wideband calibration accuracy. The thread extension allows inserting and securing multiple DELAY lines without removing the device by just inserting and releasing set screws in-situ. This provides for best repeatability of the connections.

A TRL calibration kit including THRU, REFLECT and a set of DELAY line standards and associated thread extension and holding device, allowing for employing more than one DELAY line standard without modifying the configuration, for higher wideband calibration accuracy. The thread extension allows inserting and securing multiple DELAY lines without removing the device by just inserting and releasing set screws in-situ. This provides for best repeatability of the connections.

A measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: an analyzer; a first expansion module for transmitting a first electromagnetic wave signal to a first antenna under control of the analyzer; a second expansion module for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal through a second antenna; a first signal generator for generating a first local oscillation signal under control of the analyzer, and detecting a reference characteristic of the first electromagnetic wave signal and a first test characteristic of the first antenna by using the first local oscillation signal; and a second signal generator for generating a second local oscillation signal under control of the analyzer, and detecting a second test characteristic of the second antenna by using the second local oscillation signal, wherein the first signal generator comprises a controller for converting instructions transmitted from the analyzer into internal instructions, and a local oscillation signal generator for generating the first local oscillation signal according to the internal instructions.

A measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: an analyzer; a first expansion module for transmitting a first electromagnetic wave signal to a first antenna under control of the analyzer; a second expansion module for receiving a second electromagnetic wave signal through a second antenna; a first signal generator for generating a first local oscillation signal under control of the analyzer, and detecting a reference characteristic of the first electromagnetic wave signal and a first test characteristic of the first antenna by using the first local oscillation signal; and a second signal generator for generating a second local oscillation signal under control of the analyzer, and detecting a second test characteristic of the second antenna by using the second local oscillation signal, wherein the first signal generator comprises a controller for converting instructions transmitted from the analyzer into internal instructions, and a local oscillation signal generator for generating the first local oscillation signal according to the internal instructions.

The present invention provides a radio field intensity measurement device having a display portion with improved visibility, in the case of measuring a weak radiowave from a long distance. In the radio field intensity measurement device, a battery is provided as a power source for power supply and the battery is charged by a received radiowave. When a potential of a signal obtained from the received radiowave is higher than an output potential of the battery, the power is stored in the battery. On the other hand, when the potential of the signal obtained from the received radiowave is lower than the output potential of the battery, power produced by the battery is used as power to drive the radio field intensity measurement device. As an element to display the radio field intensity, a thermochromic element or an electrochromic element is used.

The present invention provides a radio field intensity measurement device having a display portion with improved visibility, in the case of measuring a weak radiowave from a long distance. In the radio field intensity measurement device, a battery is provided as a power source for power supply and the battery is charged by a received radiowave. When a potential of a signal obtained from the received radiowave is higher than an output potential of the battery, the power is stored in the battery. On the other hand, when the potential of the signal obtained from the received radiowave is lower than the output potential of the battery, power produced by the battery is used as power to drive the radio field intensity measurement device. As an element to display the radio field intensity, a thermochromic element or an electrochromic element is used.