A device for guiding charge carriers and uses of the device are proposed, wherein the charge carriers are guided by means of a magnetic field along a curved or angled main path in a two-dimensional electron gas or in a thin superconducting layer, so that a different presence density is produced at electrical connections.

Nano-scale junctions, wires, and junction arrays are created by using a focused high-energy ion beam to direct-write insulating or poorly conducting barriers into thin films of materials that are sensitive to disorder, including superconductors, ferromagnetic materials and semiconductors.

A biological information measuring apparatus includes a biomagnetism detector configured to detect biomagnetism of a subject, the biomagnetism detector including a temperature adjustment mechanism; and a radiation detector configured to acquire emitted radiation as digital image data. The radiation detector is disposed between a measurement region of the subject and the biomagnetism detector.

This disclosure relates to fabrication of step edges to fabricate Josephson junctions. A method comprises forming a layer of resist over the surface. The layer of resist comprises openings to expose a selected area of the surface, thereby forming two walls in the layer of resist on a perimeter of the selected area. The resist and the substrate are exposed to an ion beam, thereby etching the resist and the exposed areas of the surface. While exposing the resist and the substrate to the ion beam, the substrate is gradually rotated about an axis normal to the surface to thereby form two step edges at the respective two walls. Further, superconducting material is deposited onto the substrate in a meandering shape to form a path that crosses the two step edges multiple times and to form a Josephson junction each time the path crosses the step edges.

The present invention relates to an inductive dipole element for a superconducting microwave quantum circuit. The dipole element comprises a DC-SQUID formed by a pair of Josephson junctions shunted by an inductance, wherein the Josephson junctions have equal energy, and the Josephson junctions and the inductance are arranged such that each of the junctions forms a loop with the inductance. The two loops are asymmetrically threaded with external magnetic DC fluxes φ.sub.ext1 and φ.sub.ext2, respectively, such that φ.sub.ext1=π and φ.sub.ext2=0, wherein parametric pumping is enabled by modulating the total flux φ.sub.Σ=φ.sub.ext,1+φ.sub.ext,2 threading the dipole element, thereby allowing even-wave mixing between modes that participate in the dipole element with no Kerr-like interactions.

A magnetic field measuring element includes a Superconducting QUantum Interference Device magnetic sensors, the first sensor disposed either on a second plane perpendicular to a first plane including a coil surface of the third sensor and which includes the center of the third sensor, or in the vicinity of the second plane, and a second sensor disposed either on a third plane perpendicular to the first plane and the second plane, or in the vicinity of the third plane. The center of the first sensor is present either on a straight line which passes through the center of the third sensor and is perpendicular to the first plane, or in the vicinity of said straight line, and the center of the second sensor is present in a position displaced from a line joining the center of the third sensor and the center of the first sensor.

Superconducting integrated circuits may advantageously employ superconducting resonators coupled to a microwave transmission line to efficiently address superconducting flux storage devices. In an XY-addressing scheme, a global flux bias may be applied to a number of superconducting flux storage devices via a low-frequency address line, and individual superconducting flux storage devices addressed via application of high-frequency pulses via resonators driven by the microwave transmission line. Frequency multiplexing can be employed to provide signals to two or more resonators. A low-frequency current bias may be combined with a high-frequency current in one or more superconducting resonators to provide Z-addressing. A low-frequency current bias may be combined with a high-frequency current in one or more superconducting resonators to eliminate a flux bias line. A low-frequency current bias may be used at room temperature to identify the presence of a DC short, an open, and/or an unexpected resistance in a superconducting resonator.

A device is dynamically isolated via a broadband switch that includes a plurality of cascade elements in series, wherein each cascade element comprises a first set of SQUIDs in series, a matching capacitor, and a second set of SQUIDs in series. The broadband switch is set to a passing state via flux bias lines during programming and readout of the device and set to a suppression state during device's calculation to reduce operation errors at the device. A device is electrically isolated from high-frequencies via an unbiased broadband switch. A device is coupled to a tunable thermal bath that includes a broadband switch.

A superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) comprises a superconducting inductive loop with at least two Josephson junction, whereby a magnetic flux coupled into the inductive loop produces a modulated response up through radio frequencies. Series and parallel arrays of SQUIDs can increase the dynamic range, output, and linearity, while maintaining bandwidth. Several approaches to achieving a linear triangle-wave transfer function are presented, including harmonic superposition of SQUID cells, differential serial arrays with magnetic frustration, and a novel bi-SQUID cell comprised of a nonlinear Josephson inductance shunting the linear coupling inductance. Total harmonic distortion of less than −120 dB can be achieved in optimum cases.

The present invention provides a triaxial magnetism detecting apparatus having a high mechanical strength and being compact in size by simplifying the arrangement configuration of magnetism detectors for the reduction of the number of components and allowing easy angular adjustment of the magnetism detectors and easy installation of the magnetism detectors on the apparatus body, and a satellite. A triaxial magnetism detecting apparatus has a power supply board, a circuit board, and a magnetism detecting unit, which are fixed on a body, and the circuit board and the magnetism detecting unit are horizontally connected. By using the magnetism detecting unit, the triaxial magnetism detecting apparatus detects magnitudes of magnetic fields in mutually perpendicular X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions.