Disclosed is a method to fabricate a multifunctional collimator structure In one embodiment, an optical collimator, includes: a dielectric layer; a substrate; and a plurality of via holes, wherein the dielectric layer is formed over the substrate, wherein the plurality of via holes are configured as an array along a lateral direction of a first surface of the dielectric layer, wherein each of the plurality of via holes extends through the dielectric layer and the substrate from the first surface of the dielectric layer to a second surface of the substrate in a vertical direction, wherein the substrate has a bulk impurity doping concentration equal to or greater than 1×10.sup.19 per cubic centimeter (cm.sup.−3) and a first thickness, and wherein the bulk impurity doping concentration and the first thickness of the substrate are configured so as to allow the optical collimator to filter light in a range of wavelengths.

Spectral performance in a wide wavelength range is improved. A solid-state imaging device according to an embodiment includes: a pixel array unit in which a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements (PD) are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice form; a plurality of diffraction gratings provided corresponding one-to-one to light-receiving surfaces of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements; and pixel circuits configured to generate pixel signals on the basis of charge accumulated in the photoelectric conversion elements, wherein a period of a first diffraction grating positioned at a first imaging height is different from a period of a second diffraction grating positioned at a second imaging height different from the first imaging height.

A device having a transmission response with a maximum at a wavelength λ.sub.0, this device including an intermediate layer which extends from a first optical filter to a second optical filter, this intermediate layer having a refractive index n.sub.8 at the wavelength λ.sub.0 and a thickness h.sub.8, the refractive index n.sub.8 being less than 3 n.sub.12/5 and the thickness h.sub.8 being between δ and 3 δ, where the refractive index n.sub.12 is greater than 5 n.sub.10/3, where n.sub.10 is the greatest of the refractive indices chosen from the group consisting of the refractive indices at the wavelength λ.sub.0 of the media situated at the interface with the first filter, and the coefficient δ is defined by the following relationship:

1/δ=(2 πn.sub.8/λ.sub.0)((λ.sub.0/(n.sub.8P)).sup.2−1).sup.0.5, where P is the period of a grating of slits of the first filter.

An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a substrate, a central color filter, a first color filter and a second color filter sequentially disposed on the substrate from the center to the edge of the substrate, and a central hollow member, a first hollow member and a second hollow member respectively disposed on the central color filter, the first color filter and the second color filter. There is no distance between a center of the central color filter and a center of the central hollow member. There is a first distance between a center of the first color filter and a center of the first hollow member. There is a second distance between a center of the second color filter and a center of the second hollow member. The first distance is greater than zero. The second distance is greater than the first distance.

An upgradable intraocular platform system includes (a) a substrate implantable in an eye; (b) an upgrade interface on the substrate for connection of at least one upgrade component for upgrading the platform system; and (c) a controller for controlling operation of the platform system.

An adjustable optic device for providing light field information includes: (a) at least one counter electrode; (b) one or more working electrodes; (c) an insulating framework separating the counter electrode from each working electrode; and (d) an electrolyte medium between the counter electrode and the one or more working electrodes. Each working electrode is reversibly transitionable from a stripped state toward a plated state when a plating charge voltage is applied to induce plating with ions from the electrolyte medium. When in the stripped state, the one or more working electrodes are transparent and present a passage through the optic device for transmission of electromagnetic radiation. When in the plated state, the one or more working electrodes are plated with ions from the electrolyte medium to provide a coded aperture in the passage. The coded aperture has a pattern of subapertures for providing light field information.

Various embodiments are described herein for an ocular device implantable in a user's eye and which has an adjustable optical element for varying one or more optical properties for the eye such as, but not limited to, providing a dynamically adjustable aperture stop to control the amount of incoming light, filtering incoming light, polarizing incoming light, and/or varying a depth of field for the eye.

A tunable notch filter for operation in reflection mode comprises an antenna layer positioned on a transmissive substrate and a mirror layer positioned on a support substrate. The antenna layer and the mirror layer are positioned on opposite sides of a gap and facing each other, the gap having a gap distance. The notch filter is tuned by adjusting the gap distance between the antenna layer and the mirror layer. Tuning the notch filter to a selected state can cause the filter to selectively attenuate the reflection of at least some electromagnetic radiation that is incident on the transmissive substrate and enters the notch filter.

A light-emitting apparatus includes: a first phosphor layer including a first phosphor composed of an inorganic phosphor activated by Ce.sup.3+; and a second phosphor layer including a second phosphor composed of an inorganic phosphor activated by Ce.sup.3+ and different from the first phosphor. The second phosphor layer is provided so as to be spaced apart from the first phosphor layer. The light-emitting apparatus further includes: an optical filter provided between the first phosphor layer and the second phosphor layer; and an excitation source that emits light that excites at least one of the first phosphor and the second phosphor. The second phosphor has light absorption characteristics of absorbing at least a part of first fluorescence emitted by the first phosphor. The optical filter reflects at least a part of the first fluorescence emitted by the first phosphor, and allows passage of second fluorescence emitted by the second phosphor.

A microscopy system has a detection system, which is configured to detect light of a first channel in a detection region and convert it to a first fluorescent light signal, to detect light of a second channel in a second detection region and convert it to a first correction signal, and to detect light of a third channel in a third detection region and convert it to a second correction signal. The system further includes a controller, which is configured to determine an approximation value for the spatial distribution of the concentration of the fluorescent dye in an object region using the first fluorescent light signal, the first correction signal, and the second correction signal. A first part of the emission spectrum of the fluorescent dye is detected in the first detection region.