A toner comprising a toner particle and a silica particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein an area formed by a polyester resin and an area formed by a styrene-acrylic resin are present on the surface of the toner particle; the silica particle has the number-average particle diameter of 15 to 60 nm; the silica particle has the average pore diameter of 5.0 to 20.0 nm; and the silica particle has the total pore volume of 0.20 to 1.50 cm.sup.3/g.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles, and an external additive that contains particles A containing a perovskite-type compound and having an equivalent circle diameter of 15 nm or greater and 90 nm or less and particles B containing a perovskite-type compound and having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 m or greater and 3.0 m or less, in which the particles B occupy 0.3% by number or greater and 3.5% by number or less of an entirety of the toner particles.

Disclosed herein are treated fumed silica particles comprising a modified polydialkylsiloxane on the surface thereof, a method for preparing treated fumed silica particles, and a rheological system comprising a polar liquid and treated fumed silica particles. Also disclosed are toner compositions comprising toner particles and treated fumed silica particles comprising a modified polydialkylsiloxane.

A toner producing apparatus including: a foreign matter separating unit including a foreign matter separating chamber for separating metallic foreign matters contained in raw powder material of toner from the raw powder material of toner by using gravity, a feeding pipe connected to the foreign matter separating chamber so as to feed the raw powder material of toner into the foreign matter separating chamber, and an exhausting pipe connected to the foreign matter separating chamber so as to exhaust the raw powder material of toner from the foreign matter separating chamber; and a pulverizing unit including a rotor, the pulverizing unit being connected to the exhausting pipe of the foreign matter separating unit.

A toner is provided including large particle-diameter external additives with sweep to the concaves of a toner particle suppressed, so that the large particle-diameter external additives function as spacer particles for a long period. The toner includes toner particles which contain a binder resin and magnetic material, and organic-inorganic composite fine particles having a structure including inorganic fine particles embedded in a vinyl resin particle. The presence state of the magnetic material on the toner particle surface satisfies specific conditions and the presence state of the organic-inorganic composite fine particles on the toner surface satisfies specific conditions.

The present disclosure relates to a composition, comprising a monomer; a reactive co-stabilizer; a carbon black; a surfactant; and a filler, wherein the composition is used to prepare a polymer/carbon black composite particle by MEP technology along with a method for same. The reactive co-stabilizer as disclosed is methacrylate derivative containing a long alkyl chain R, with R consisting of 6-22 C atoms and being branched or linear, saturated and/or unsaturated such as stearyl methacrylate (SteaMA). The polymer/carbon black composite particle as prepared has an enhanced stability and low VOC as compared to a pure polymer prepared by MEP. Further, the prepared polymer can be used as basic resins in materials for toner applications.

There is provided a process for preparing a polymer/carbon black composite material. The process comprises a mini emulsion polymerization (MEP) process involving a reactive co-stabilizer. Optionally, the co-stabilizer is a long alkyl chain methacrylate or a mixture of long alkyl chain methacrylates.

There is provided a process for preparing a polymer/carbon black composite material. The process comprises a mini emulsion polymerization (MEP) process involving a reactive co-stabilizer. Optionally, the co-stabilizer is a long alkyl chain methacrylate or a mixture of long alkyl chain methacrylates.

A toner contains toner particles and an external additive on the surfaces of the toner particles. The external additive includes composite fine particles that include fine particles A containing an organosilicon compound with siloxane bonds as a binder component and fine particles B at least partially embedded in the surfaces of the fine particles A with an embedding rate of 30% to 90% on average, and fine particles C including titanium oxide or titanic acid compound fine particles and having a volume resistivity of 2.010.sup.9 to 2.010.sup.13 .Math.cm and a number average diameter of primary particles of 10 to 100 nm. The organosilicon compound contains bifunctional, trifunctional, and tetrafunctional silane monomers with specific relationships. The number average diameter X of primary particles of the composite fine particles and the number average diameter Y of primary particles of fine particles C satisfy 1.0X/Y10.0.

A toner having a toner particle including a binder resin and a release agent is provided, wherein the binder resin includes a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin, where in differential scanning calorimetry of the toner, a temperature is raised to obtain a differential scanning calorimetry curve A and then the temperature is lowered to obtain a differential scanning calorimetry curve B, the differential scanning calorimetry curve A has endothermic peaks derived from the crystalline resin and the release agent, the differential scanning calorimetry curve B has exothermic peaks derived from the crystalline resin and the release agent, and these endothermic peaks and exothermic peaks satisfy specific relationships, and a storage elastic modulus G(TmB) of the toner at the endothermic peak temperature of the crystalline resin is 1.010.sup.5 Pa to 1.010.sup.8 Pa.