The present invention can provide a liquid developer that can accommodate faster process speeds by image forming apparatuses, in which the liquid developer contains a toner particle comprising a polyester resin, and a carrier liquid having a vinyl ether compound. The liquid developer further contains a polymer compound having a structural unit represented by formula (1) in either of the toner particle or the carrier liquid. ##STR00001##

A binary ink developer assembly includes a plurality of rollers, gears, and end caps. The rollers are in contact with each other to form a nip. Each roller includes a plurality of bearings. The gears include gear teeth. A respective gear has an involute tooth profile and applies a gear force at a pressure angle corresponding to the involute tooth profile to rotate at least one roller. The end caps are coupled to the bearings. At least one slot arranged to form a slot angle substantially equal to the pressure angle and to receive a respective bearing to support a respective roller.

This disclosure relates to an electrostatic ink composition comprising: a liquid carrier, and particles dispersed in the liquid carrier, wherein the particles comprise a resin and a substantially spherical silver pigment; wherein the substantially spherical silver pigment constitutes at least 30 wt % of the solids of the electrostatic ink composition. Print substrates are also disclosed herein.

Herein is disclosed a method of electrostatic printing and glossing comprising: forming a first toner image on a print substrate by electrostatically printing an electrostatic ink comprising a first resin component comprising an ethylene acrylic acid resin, an ethylene methacrylic acid resin or combinations thereof; forming a second toner image disposed on the first toner image on the print substrate by electrostatically printing a liquid electro photographic (LEP) printing composition comprising a first resin component comprising an ethylene acrylic acid resin, an ethylene methacrylic acid resin or combinations thereof, and a second resin component present in an amount of about 20% to about 80% by weight of total solids content of the LEP printing composition, the second resin component having a melting point of from about 50° C. to about 75° C., which is below the melting point of the first resin component, or from about 140° C. to about 180° C., which is above the melting point of the first resin component; heating the print substrate to at least partially melt the first or second toner image.

A method for determining coat weight of a printed transparent electrophotographic composition is described, in which a calibration composition is added to a transparent liquid electrophotographic composition to produce a test composition, the calibration composition comprising a carrier liquid, a polymer resin, and at least 5 wt. % of an optical brightening agent based on the total solids content of the calibration composition. The test composition is electrophotographically printed onto a test substrate to produce the printed transparent electrophotographic ink composition; the fluorescence of the printed transparent electrophotographic composition is measured; and the coat weight of the printed transparent electrophotographic composition is determine based on the fluorescence of the printed transparent electrophotographic composition.

Example implementations relate to a printing an image on a substrate and printing an ultraviolet-sensitive finishing mark on the substrate using ultraviolet-sensitive ink. The ultraviolet-sensitive finishing mark can be visible under ultraviolet light.

The application relates to a method of producing an electrostatic ink composition, the method comprising: mixing a resin and a conductive pigment in a continuous mixer to form a compounded mixture comprising particles comprising the resin and the pigment; adding a liquid carrier to the compounded mixture, such that the particles comprising the resin and the conductive pigment are dispersed in the liquid carrier; and, before, during or after adding the liquid carrier to the compounded mixture: imparting a charge on the particles comprising the resin and the pigment.

The application relates to a method of producing an electrostatic ink composition, the method comprising: mixing a resin and a conductive pigment in a continuous mixer to form a compounded mixture comprising particles comprising the resin and the pigment; adding a liquid carrier to the compounded mixture, such that the particles comprising the resin and the conductive pigment are dispersed in the liquid carrier; and, before, during or after adding the liquid carrier to the compounded mixture: imparting a charge on the particles comprising the resin and the pigment.

A white ink composition for ink-based digital printing includes a white pigment. The white pigment is titanium dioxide. A method for ink-based digital printing includes applying dampening fluid to an imaging member to form a dampening fluid layer, patterning the dampening fluid layer using a laser imaging system, applying a white ink composition to the imaging member surface having the patterned dampening fluid disposed thereon to form an ink image, partially curing the ink image, and transferring the partially cured ink image to a printable substrate.

A method of manufacturing a liquid electrophotographic ink concentrate includes: milling a mixture comprising ink pigments and polyamine-based dispersants in the presence of milling media to produce nano-scale ink pigments having an average particle size of less than 100 nanometers; and attaching at least one nano-scale ink pigment near surfaces of a base resin particle to form a pigment-resin composition.