An aerosol generating device includes: a cartridge including a liquid storage and an atomizer; and a main body including a battery, a puff sensor, and a controller configured to perform pulse width modulation (PWM) control for supplying power from the battery to the atomizer, wherein the controller performs the PWM control at a first duty ratio during a puff period and performs the PWM control at a second duty ratio lower than the first duty ratio during a non-puff period between puff periods.

An aerosol generating device includes: a cartridge including a liquid storage and an atomizer; and a main body including a battery, a puff sensor, and a controller configured to perform pulse width modulation (PWM) control for supplying power from the battery to the atomizer, wherein the controller performs the PWM control at a first duty ratio during a puff period and performs the PWM control at a second duty ratio lower than the first duty ratio during a non-puff period between puff periods.

Disclosed are a method for controlling the temperature of a heating apparatus in an electrically-heated smoking system and an electrically-heated smoking system, the method comprises: providing a constant or variable preset temperature value; outputting a constant current to a heating apparatus by a constant current source; and controlling an actual temperature of the heating apparatus to be maintained at a preset temperature, wherein the temperature control step comprises: obtaining a voltage value corresponding to the constant current at the two ends of the electrical heating apparatus; deriving an actual temperature value of the heating apparatus according to the voltage value; comparing the actual temperature value of the heating apparatus with a preset temperature; and maintaining the actual temperature value of the heating apparatus at a preset temperature by adjusting a heating power supply.

A system for ice removal and prevention of ice accumulation on semi-trailers and intermodal shipping container chassis systems includes a power supply, a semi-trailer having at least one surface; a plurality of heating elements mounted and spaced apart at regular intervals from one another on at least one surface of the semi-trailer, at least one temperature sensor, a temperature controller having at least one processor and memory having computer executable instructions which cause the system to allow a user to program a desired temperature of a surface of a semi-trailer; sense a temperature of a surface of the semi-trailer; heat the semi-trailer surface with the plurality of heating elements; and maintain a desired temperature of the a surface of the semi-trailer. The system may further include a plurality of heating elements attached to the frames of twist-locks for intermodal chassis systems.

A system for ice removal and prevention of ice accumulation on semi-trailers and intermodal shipping container chassis systems includes a power supply, a semi-trailer having at least one surface; a plurality of heating elements mounted and spaced apart at regular intervals from one another on at least one surface of the semi-trailer, at least one temperature sensor, a temperature controller having at least one processor and memory having computer executable instructions which cause the system to allow a user to program a desired temperature of a surface of a semi-trailer; sense a temperature of a surface of the semi-trailer; heat the semi-trailer surface with the plurality of heating elements; and maintain a desired temperature of the a surface of the semi-trailer. The system may further include a plurality of heating elements attached to the frames of twist-locks for intermodal chassis systems.

An oven appliance includes a cooking chamber positioned within a cabinet and a heating assembly for selectively heating the cooking chamber. The cooking chamber has two or more separate regions, and a temperature sensing assembly includes a temperature sensor positioned within each region of the cooking chamber. A switching assembly is coupled to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor and is adjustable between a first position that connects the first temperature sensor to a controller and a second position that connects the second temperature sensor to the controller.

The present disclosure relates to a power control device for temperature control capable of phase control compensation according to power fluctuations, a thermal processing system having the same, and a temperature control method for the thermal processing system. The power control device for temperature control includes a power control unit configured to control an amount of power supplied to a heating source by controlling a phase of AC power supplied from a power source and a power measurement unit connected to the power source and configured to measure the AC power, wherein the power control unit controls the phase of the AC power by compensating a phase angle according to a difference between a reference power value and the measured value measured by the power measurement unit.

The present disclosure relates to a power control device for temperature control capable of phase control compensation according to power fluctuations, a thermal processing system having the same, and a temperature control method for the thermal processing system. The power control device for temperature control includes a power control unit configured to control an amount of power supplied to a heating source by controlling a phase of AC power supplied from a power source and a power measurement unit connected to the power source and configured to measure the AC power, wherein the power control unit controls the phase of the AC power by compensating a phase angle according to a difference between a reference power value and the measured value measured by the power measurement unit.

An additive delivery system including a tank for storing an additive, an active component, and a controller connected to the component, wherein the controller is adapted to determine a value representative of temperature of the additive in the system based on an electrical characteristic of a part inside the component, or inside the controller, wherein the part has a further function next to the temperature estimation function in normal operation of the additive delivery system.

An additive delivery system including a tank for storing an additive, an active component, and a controller connected to the component, wherein the controller is adapted to determine a value representative of temperature of the additive in the system based on an electrical characteristic of a part inside the component, or inside the controller, wherein the part has a further function next to the temperature estimation function in normal operation of the additive delivery system.