Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric and magnetic fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric and magnetic fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for creating, controlling, conducting, and optimizing fusion activities of nuclei. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions from aneutronic, fusion reactions that produce essentially no neutrons, to neutronic, fusion reactions that produce substantial numbers of neutrons.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for creating, controlling, conducting, and optimizing fusion activities of nuclei. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions from aneutronic, fusion reactions that produce essentially no neutrons, to neutronic, fusion reactions that produce substantial numbers of neutrons.

A compact, simpler, more economical ICF target chamber and reactor design that maintains a low internal pressure, sub-atmospheric, and very small neutron flux on any pressure bearing vessel or steam generating mechanism. The present invention reduces radiant target emission towards the nearest wall of the hohlraum wall and/or sleeve material so that the radiation from target burn exits the end of the hohlraum through a wall material sufficiently thick to contain the target drive radiation, but becomes transparent to the target emitted radiation. The compact converter contains the energy released by the ICF target and converts it into usable heat to create steam. It also converts the excess neutrons, from the ICF target, into tritium. This is then collected with the unburnt fuel tritium.

A compact, simpler, more economical ICF target chamber and reactor design that maintains a low internal pressure, sub-atmospheric, and very small neutron flux on any pressure bearing vessel or steam generating mechanism. The present invention reduces radiant target emission towards the nearest wall of the hohlraum wall and/or sleeve material so that the radiation from target burn exits the end of the hohlraum through a wall material sufficiently thick to contain the target drive radiation, but becomes transparent to the target emitted radiation. The compact converter contains the energy released by the ICF target and converts it into usable heat to create steam. It also converts the excess neutrons, from the ICF target, into tritium. This is then collected with the unburnt fuel tritium.

A component coupling system for controllable heat transfer from or to a component which is heated by an external and/or internal heat source and is disposed adjacent to a cooler. The component coupling system includes a carrier plate, on which least one first means for spacing is disposed such that a component disposed on the means for spacing and the carrier plate, together with the means for spacing, form a first cavity. If needed, this cavity can be evacuated, filled with a fluid medium, or have a fluid medium flow through it, whereby the heat transfer or the heat dissipation from the component can be controlled in a simple manner.

A component coupling system for controllable heat transfer from or to a component which is heated by an external and/or internal heat source and is disposed adjacent to a cooler. The component coupling system includes a carrier plate, on which least one first means for spacing is disposed such that a component disposed on the means for spacing and the carrier plate, together with the means for spacing, form a first cavity. If needed, this cavity can be evacuated, filled with a fluid medium, or have a fluid medium flow through it, whereby the heat transfer or the heat dissipation from the component can be controlled in a simple manner.

A scalar particle conversion apparatus, system and method are disclosed. The apparatus includes an anode and a crystalline cathode disposed within an electrolytic fluid or gas. A voltage source is configured to generate a current between the anode and the cathode and one or more components within the electrolytic fluid or gas are loaded into the crystalline cathode. The crystalline cathode generates photons through the interaction between a scalar particle flow and oscillating magnetic hyperfine fields within the crystalline cathode via the inverse Primakoff effect. One or more energy conversion devices are arranged with respect to the crystalline cathode so as to convert the photons or heat from the crystalline cathode to an electrical output.