According to one implementation, an optical observation system includes an optical fiber and at least one detection system. The optical fiber has at least one curved portion as a sensor for inputting light which has occurred in a test region. The optical fiber inputs the light from the at least one curved portion and transmits the light. The at least one detection system detects the light transmitted by the optical fiber. Further, according to one implementation, an optical observation method includes: inputting light, which has occurred in a test region, from at least one curved portion of an optical fiber and transmitting the light; and detecting the light transmitted by the optical fiber.

Instruments and methods are disclosed which measure absolute energy and irradiance of UV light sources. The response curves of exemplary optical stacks of the radiometry instruments are substantially rectangular with steep transitions at the cutoff frequencies. Angle of incidence (AOI) control in combination with one or more interference filters in the optical stack enable the full optical stack to produce repeatable and accurate measurements. Inverse response filters are disclosed for leveling optical stack response.

An optical filter is provided with a structure that contains a green coloring matter and a black coloring matter and satisfies the following requirements (i) and (ii). Further a device is provided with such an optical filter. (i) An average transmittance of light in the wavelength range of 400 to 730 nm is 2% or less. (ii) A continuous 50 nm wavelength range where an average transmittance is 80% or more exists in the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm.

An optical sensing circuit has a plurality of optical sensing units arranged so that the optical sensing circuit is ambient light insensitive or sensitive to light within certain spectrum. The sensitive spectra corresponding to the plurality of optical sensing units are different from one another.

The present disclosure describes optical radiation sensors and detection techniques that facilitate assigning a specific wavelength to a measured photocurrent. The techniques can be used to determine the spectral emission characteristics of a radiation source. In one aspect, a method of determining spectral emission characteristics of incident radiation includes sensing at least some of the incident radiation using a light detector having first and second photosensitive regions whose optical responsivity characteristics differ from one another. The method further includes identifying a wavelength of the incident radiation based on a ratio of a photocurrent from the first region and a photocurrent from the second region.

The present invitation relates to an optical radiation measurement method based on light filter units, comprising the steps of: 1) providing characteristic filter units and correction light filter units in front of detection units to obtain multiple measured response values of an object to be detected; and, 2) selecting one or more sampling regions within a waveband to be detected, and calculating, according to a corresponding simultaneous expression/equation system of the measured response values, a spectral power distribution within the waveband to be detected. In this method, by introducing a small number of correction light filter units, the spectral power distribution within the entire waveband to be detected can be obtained without using a large number of narrow waveband color filters. In addition, a light radiation measurement apparatus is disclosed.

An optical sensor and an electronic device having an optical sensor. The optical sensor includes: an optical waveguide containing a photochromic material; a light emitter that emits visible light to be incident on the optical waveguide; and a light receiver that detects the visible light emitted from the light emitter and progressing through the optical waveguide. A transmittance of the optical waveguide in relation to the visible light may be changed by the photochromic material as the optical waveguide is exposed to UV light. The optical sensor and the electronic device having the same may be variously implemented according to exemplary embodiments.

A system and method are provided for forming energy filter layers or shutter components, including energy scattering layers that are actively electrically switchable. The energy filters or shutter components are operable between at least a first mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the shutter components, appear substantially transparent when viewed from an energy/light incident side, and a second mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the energy filters or shutter components, appear opaque to the incident energy impinging on the energy incident side. The differing modes are selectable by electrically energizing, differentially energizing and/or de-energizing electric fields in a vicinity of the energy scattering layers. Refractive indices of transparent particles, and the transparent matrices in which the particles are fixed, are tunable according to the applied electric fields. The energy scattering layers may conceal a sensor such as a camera or photovoltaic cell.

An imaging device which does not include a color filter and does not need arithmetic processing using an external processing circuit is provided. A first circuit includes a first photoelectric conversion element, a first transistor, and a second transistor; a second circuit includes a second photoelectric conversion element, a third transistor, and a fourth transistor; a third circuit includes a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, a seventh transistor, and a second capacitor; the spectroscopic element is provided over the first photoelectric conversion element or the second photoelectric conversion element; and the first circuit and the second circuit is connected to the third circuit through a first capacitor.

According to an example, a first mirror layer may be formed on a substrate. A first set of spacer layers may be deposited on the first mirror layer to be positioned above a first group of the sensing elements and a second set of spacer layers may be deposited on the first mirror layer to be positioned above a second group of the sensing elements, in which the second set of spacer layers differs from the first set. In addition, a second mirror layer may be formed above the deposited first set of spacer layers and the deposited second set of spacer layers.