The invention comprises a thermal flow sensor (1) for determining the temperature and the flow velocity of a flowing measuring medium (210), comprising:a functional element (110) which is configured to determine the temperature of the measuring medium (210) and to influence the temperature of the measuring medium (210); anda control and evaluation unit (120) which is configured to determine the temperature of the measuring medium (210) in a first interval of time by means of the functional element (110) and to determine the flow velocity of the measuring medium (210) in a second interval of time following the first interval of time, and a method for determining the temperature and the flow velocity of the measuring medium (210) by means of the thermal flow sensor (1) according to the invention, and a sensor system comprising such a thermal flow sensor (1) and a further sensor type.

A microheater performs a self measurement of its own temperature. The microheater has an electrically resistive element which generates heat when a voltage has been applied across the resistive element. The resistive element has an electrical conductivity that is a function of its temperature. A measurement device is positioned within the microheater body and is configured to measure conductivity of the resistive element. An electronic processor, that may be incorporated into the microheater, controls brief interruption of the heating voltage and application of a lower voltage for measuring conductivity. The lower voltage is insufficient to increase the heat output of the microheater, and is applied for too short of a period to allow excessive cooling of the microheater. A microprocessor receives and processes the data obtained from measuring conductivity.

The present disclosure relates to a thin film sensor element for determining and/or monitoring temperature. For this purpose, a resistive structure is provided, which is arranged in a resistive region on a substrate. The resistive structure is so formed that a first section of the resistive structure branches at a first reference point into two branches, and that a second section of the resistive structure branches at a second reference point into two other branches. In a contact region, the four branches are connected with four intermediate conductors in four contact areas, which are insulated from one another. In this way, the thin film sensor element is a real four conductor sensor element, wherein the reference points of the four conductor circuit lie within the resistive region. The resistance thermometer with the thin film sensor element of the invention is distinguished by a high accuracy.

The disclosure relates to a method for determining a temperature of a variable-transparency, switchable pane, which has a variable-transparency layer, which is arranged to switch said pane between two transparent electrically conductive contact layers, wherein, in the method, a control apparatus of the switchable pane applies an electrical voltage to at least one of the two contact layers and determines an electric current resulting in each case from the voltage. In this case, depending on the applied voltage and the current resulting in each case, a respective ohmic resistance value and/or a combination of electrical capacitance value and ohmic resistance value of the variable-transparency layer is determined and at least one temperature value is determined therefrom by a predetermined allocation rule.

Various embodiments include method for determining a temperature of an active layer of a heating resistor for a recuperation system of a motor vehicle comprising: determining an instantaneous value of a current flowing through the active layer of the heating resistor at a first time; determining an instantaneous value of a voltage present on the active layer at the first time; calculating an instantaneous value of an electrical resistance based on the determined instantaneous value of the current and the determined instantaneous value of the voltage; and determining an instantaneous value of a temperature of the active layer from the calculated value of the electrical resistance.

One aspect relates to a method for producing a sensor, in particular a temperature sensor, with at least one electrically conductive layer and at least one additional layer, in particular a passivation layer and/or an insulation layer. According to one aspect, the electrically conductive layer and/or the additional layer, in particular the passivation layer and/or the insulation layer, are produced by aerosol deposition (aerosol deposition method, ADM).

A method of manufacturing a sensor include depositing a metal layer on a substrate and fabricating a calibration structure on the metal layer. The calibration structure can include a first calibration portion and a second calibration portion. The method may further include, performing a first calibration of the sensor by modifying the first calibration portion. In addition, the method can include placing a cover layer on a portion of the first calibration portion after the first calibration and then performing a second calibration of the sensor by modifying the second calibration.

The present invention relates to a tubular wire shielding (9) for an exhaust gas temperature sensor arrangement (1), the tubular wire shielding (9) comprising a first shielding tube (13) comprising one or more through channels for accommodating one or more wires (6a, 6b, 8a, 8b, 11a, 11b) and/or for accommodating one or more temperature measurement sensors (7), the tubular wire shielding (9) furthermore comprising a second shielding tube (14) radially surrounding the first shielding tube (14). It is an object of the invention to provide a tubular wire shielding (9) and an exhaust temperature sensor arrangement (1) which are of good mechanical stability. The object is solved in that the tubular wire shielding (9) comprises a first tube adhesive layer (15) arranged interposed between the first shielding tube (13) and the second shielding tube (14), the first tube adhesive layer (15) fixing the first shielding tube to the second shielding tube (14). Furthermore, the object is solved by an exhaust gas temperature sensor arrangement (1), preferably comprising such a wire shielding (9), and a method for assembling the exhaust gas temperature sensor arrangement (1).

The monitoring of an electrical equipment item includes two electrically insulated circuits, a screen in the form of a film arranged between the two circuits, the screen comprising a substrate and a conductive filament arranged on the substrate, a module configured to circulate a current in the conductive filament and to monitor the current.

A method is disclosed for determining a current temperature of a heating element with a PTC thermistor property (PTC) with which a urea-water solution for cleaning the exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine of nitrogen oxides can be heated. According to the invention there is provision that a correction factor is formed from the quotient of a minimum resistance of the heating element and of a minimum resistance of a reference heating element, in that a resistance which is determined at a current temperature of the heating element is multiplied by the correction factor, and in that the current temperature of the heating element is determined from the corrected resistance value and a temperature dependence of the resistance of the reference heating element. The method according to the invention permits more precise determination and regulation of the temperature of the heating element.