A moisture regulating electrochemical sensor includes a sensor electrolyte housed in a chamber of a casing configured with electrodes connected electrically to the sensor electrolyte and configured to be connected electrically to an exterior circuit, an inlet, a vent, and a membrane permeable only to moisture, the chamber between the inlet and the vent each to the sensor electrolyte in the chamber, the inlet allowing a target gas to pass through from an exterior target gas environment to the sensor electrolyte in the chamber, and the membrane operatively coupled to the vent, allowing only moisture to translate through the vent between an exterior vent environment and the sensor electrolyte in the chamber.

The present application discloses a planar enzyme sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a solution comprising a substrate of an electrically insulating material supporting an electrode layer of an electrically conductive material. The substrate and electrode layer have a plurality of layers disposed thereon which include an enzyme layer and a microporous outer layer covering the enzyme layer, wherein the outer layer comprises a continuous phase of a water-resistant polymer (e.g. a polyvinylacetate or an acrylate copolymer), a protein (e.g. an enzyme) embedded in the continuous phase, and possibly polytetrafluoroethylene particles. The enzyme and the polytetrafluoroethylene particles provide a controlled porosity to the outer membrane.

The present application discloses a planar enzyme sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a solution comprising a substrate of an electrically insulating material supporting an electrode layer of an electrically conductive material. The substrate and electrode layer have a plurality of layers disposed thereon which include an enzyme layer and a microporous outer layer covering the enzyme layer, wherein the outer layer comprises a continuous phase of a water-resistant polymer (e.g. a polyvinylacetate or an acrylate copolymer), a protein (e.g. an enzyme) embedded in the continuous phase, and possibly polytetrafluoroethylene particles. The enzyme and the polytetrafluoroethylene particles provide a controlled porosity to the outer membrane.

The first electrochemical oxygen sensor includes: a positive/negative electrode; and an electrolyte solution, the electrochemical oxygen sensor further including: a separation membrane for limiting an amount of oxygen supplied to the positive electrode, and a resistance element for connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In one embodiment, a value of current flowing through the resistance element is 7 μA or more in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity at 25° C. and 1 atm, and a resistance value of the resistance element is set at 1050 Ω or less. In another embodiment, a value of current flowing through the resistance element is 4 μA or more in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity at 25° C. and 1 atm, and a resistance value of the resistance element is set so that the output voltage between both ends of the resistance element falls within a range from 4 to 9.5 mV.

The first electrochemical oxygen sensor includes: a positive/negative electrode; and an electrolyte solution, the electrochemical oxygen sensor further including: a separation membrane for limiting an amount of oxygen supplied to the positive electrode, and a resistance element for connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In one embodiment, a value of current flowing through the resistance element is 7 μA or more in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity at 25° C. and 1 atm, and a resistance value of the resistance element is set at 1050 Ω or less. In another embodiment, a value of current flowing through the resistance element is 4 μA or more in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity at 25° C. and 1 atm, and a resistance value of the resistance element is set so that the output voltage between both ends of the resistance element falls within a range from 4 to 9.5 mV.

Disclosed is a manufacturing method of a gas sensor. The gas sensor has a plate-shaped sensor element with at least one pair of electrode pads, a separator disposed around the sensor element, and at least one pair of opposed metal terminals held in an insertion hole of the separator and electrically connected at contact regions thereof to the respective electrode pads. The manufacturing method includes mounting the metal terminals in the insertion hole of the separator with use of a mounting jig. The mounting jig has a flat portion interposed between the contact regions of the metal terminals during the mounting of the metal terminals in the separator so as to prevent contact and entanglement of the opposed metal terminals.

A method of analyzing a functional layer of an electrochemical cell or an electrochemical sensor application includes conveying a predefined amount of test gas to a first surface of the functional layer, and quantitatively determining an amount of test gas that has passed through the functional layer using a detection unit located on a second surface of the functional layer, which second surface is opposite the first surface of the functional layer, wherein the test gas conveyed to the first surface of the functional layer is provided in a test gas chamber arranged on the first surface of the functional layer, characterized in that the test gas chamber is open towards the first surface of the functional layer and has an opening which has a defined length in the longitudinal direction (X) of the functional layer and a variably adjustable width in the transverse direction (Z).

There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element (126), a second solid element (128) being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, a working electrode (104) in the chamber (110), a reference electrode (108), and wherein one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the chamber (110) with the associated volume (106), and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, wherein the one or more analyte permeable openings are placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element.

There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element (126), a second solid element (128) being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, a working electrode (104) in the chamber (110), a reference electrode (108), and wherein one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the chamber (110) with the associated volume (106), and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, wherein the one or more analyte permeable openings are placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element.

A method of using a sequencing cell includes applying an alternating signal across a nanopore of the sequencing cell. The method further includes acquiring a first set of voltage data during a first portion of a plurality of cycles of the alternating signal. The method further includes determining a shifted set of voltage data from the first set of voltage data, computing difference data values by computing differences between data points of the first set of voltage data and corresponding data points of the shifted set of voltage data, identifying a plurality of noise data points as data points having difference data values that are larger than a first threshold value, and removing the plurality of noise data points from the first set of voltage data.