A monolithic, three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) device includes a sensing layer, a memory layer, and a processing layer. The sensing layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) that are functionalized with at least 50 functional materials to generate data in response to exposure to a gas. The memory layer stores the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs, and the processing layer identifies one or more components of the gas based on the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for target detection based on collateral cleavage of a reporter by an enzyme. A biologically gated transistor may include a channel and a reporter moiety immobilized to the channel. The state of the reporter moiety may affect one or more output signals from the biologically gated transistor when excitation conditions are applied to the biologically gated transistor and a sample fluid is applied in contact with the channel. A sample fluid may include an enzyme configured to activate in response to a target nucleic acid to cleave the reporter moiety. Excitation circuitry may apply the excitation conditions, and measurement circuitry may measure output signals from the biologically gated transistor. An analysis module may determine a parameter relating to presence of the target nucleic acid, based on the one or more measurements.

A method includes mounting an integrated electro-microfluidic probe card to a device area on a bio-sensor device wafer, wherein the electro-microfluidic probe card has a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface. The method further includes electrically connecting at least one electronic probe tip extending from the first major surface to a corresponding conductive area of the device area. The method further includes stamping a test fluid onto the device area. The method further includes measuring via the at least one electronic probe tip a first electrical property of one or more bio-FETs of the device area based on the test fluid.

An example biosensor includes a substrate, a graphene layer disposed on the substrate, and a binding site bonded to the graphene. The binding site includes an antibody configured to bind a SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.

Heterostructures include a layer of a two-dimensional material placed on a multiferroic layer. An ordered array of differing polarization domains in the multiferroic layer produces corresponding domains having differing properties in the two-dimensional material. When the multiferroic layer is ferroelectric, the ferroelectric polarization domains in the layer produce local electric fields that penetrate the two-dimensional material. The local electric fields modulate the charge carriers and carrier density on a nanometer length scale, resulting in the formation of lateral p-n or p-i-n junctions, and variations thereof appropriate for device functions.

A battery system comprising: an anode composed of a non-toxic biocompatible metal; a first printable carbon-based current collector comprising biocompatible multiple few layer graphene (FLG) sheets in electrical contact with and extending from the anode; a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical mesoporous carbon-based cathode including an open porous structure configured to catalyze an active material via gas diffusion; a polymer-based barrier film deposited on the 3D hierarchical mesoporous carbon-based cathode, the polymer-based barrier film configured to prevent oxygen from entering the open porous structure while deposited on the 3D hierarchical mesoporous carbon-based cathode; a second printable carbon-based current collector comprising biocompatible multiple few layer graphene (FLG) sheets in electrical contact with and extending from the cathode; and an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the electrolyte layer configured to activate the battery system when released into one or both of the anode and the cathode.

The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device and a cell potential measuring device capable of improving measurement accuracy of a potential of a solution.A semiconductor device includes a read electrode that reads a potential of a solution, a differential amplifier, a first capacitor connected in series in a loop feeding back an output of the differential amplifier to a second input different from a first input from the read electrode, a resistance element connected in parallel with the first capacitor, and a second capacitor connected between a reference electrode indicating a reference potential and the second input. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, a cell potential measuring device.

A detection device and a detection method are provided. The detection device includes at least one detection unit. The detection unit includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor and a fourth transistor that are electrically connected to each other, a gate is disposed above a channel of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, and the third transistor, and an ion-sensitive membrane is covered above a channel of the fourth transistor. The detection device also includes a first voltage signal terminal, a second voltage signal terminal, and a third voltage signal terminal. Further, the detection device includes a first power supply terminal, a first potential output terminal, a second potential output terminal, and a second power supply terminal.

A detection device and a detection method are provided. The detection device includes at least one detection unit. The detection unit includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor and a fourth transistor that are electrically connected to each other, a gate is disposed above a channel of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, and the third transistor, and an ion-sensitive membrane is covered above a channel of the fourth transistor. The detection device also includes a first voltage signal terminal, a second voltage signal terminal, and a third voltage signal terminal. Further, the detection device includes a first power supply terminal, a first potential output terminal, a second potential output terminal, and a second power supply terminal.

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.