A gas sensor that detects a specific gas concentration in a measurement-object gas, the gas sensor includes: a sensor element having an element body provided with a measurement-object gas flow section therein, the measurement-object gas flow section introducing the measurement-object gas, a measurement electrode disposed in the measurement-object gas flow section, a measurement-object-gas side electrode provided on the element body, a reference electrode, a reference-gas introduction section that causes a reference gas to flow to the reference electrode, and a reference-gas adjustment pump cell constituted by including the measurement-object-gas side electrode and the reference electrode; and a controller that performs a moisture-concentration decrease process of controlling the reference-gas adjustment pump cell so that oxygen is pumped out from a periphery of the reference electrode to a periphery of the measurement-object-gas side electrode to decrease a moisture concentration around the reference electrode.

Embodiments of systems and approaches for managing post-harvest crop quality and pests are described. Such a system may include a plurality of edge devices each comprising sensor components and collectively forming a mesh network, for measuring the local physical environment within stored crops and, for example, transmitting the measurements to a service from within the crop storage area. In certain embodiments, such a system may be used to manage post-harvest crops and storage areas—for example, approaches are described for determining fumigation treatment duration, determining phosphine dosage, determining heat treatment duration, and determining safe storage time for crops.

An electrochemical detection system for determining a concentration of a gas in exhaust gases of a combustion process. The system includes an electrolyte, a reference electrode, and a sense electrode that cooperate to form an electrochemical sensor that exposes both the reference electrode and the sense electrode to the exhaust gases. The electrochemical sensor is configured to output a sensor signal indicative of a species concentration of a species gas in the exhaust gases. The sensor signal exhibits a transient error in response to a change in a reference concentration of a reference gas in the exhaust gases. The processor is configured to determine the species concentration based on the sensor signal, and to determine an estimate of the transient error based on an operating condition of the combustion process.

An odor measurement apparatus includes an odor sensor detecting an odor and an imaging device having a lens portion, in which an imaging direction of the imaging device and an introduction direction of air when the air is guided to a sensor surface of the odor sensor through an introduction port are substantially the same direction. The odor measurement apparatus detects odor substances contained in air using a sensor when an odor is measured, and measures attribute information of a measurement target or the like of the odor. An odor data management apparatus stores and manages odor data measured by the odor measurement apparatus.

A sensor can include a conductive region in electrical communication with at least two electrodes, the conductive region can include a composite of a polymer and SWCNTs immobilized onto a substrate. In certain embodiment, a linker can be grafted on the substrate. The linker can connect the substrate and the composite of the polymer and SWCNTs. In certain embodiments, the linker can covalently bond the polymer to the substrate. In certain embodiments, metal nanoparticles or ions can be incorporated as a metal sensitizer to confer further selectivity or sensitivity to the device. In certain embodiments, the polymer can act as a ligand for a variety of metal ions. By incorporating a specific metal ion, the sensor can selectively detect a specific analyte. In certain embodiments, the composite of the polymer and SWCNTs can be functionalized. In certain embodiments, the composite can further include a sensing element.

Systems and methods for analyzing a gas are provided. In some embodiments, the system includes: at least one scrubber including a scrubber material that removes at least one sulfur compound from the gas to produce a scrubbed gas; at least one gas sensor in fluid communication with the at least one scrubber, the at least one gas sensor sensing at least one remaining sulfur compound in the scrubbed gas. In some embodiments, the systems and methods disclosed herein may be used to analyze individual odorants in a hydrocarbon gas such as natural gas.

The present disclosure is directed to systems, methods and tools that measure ionic concentrations and downhole enthalpy of a flowing geothermal fluid in real-time at high-temperature and pressure. The systems, methods and tools include measuring the concentration of selected naturally occurring ions found in the liquid phase of the geothermal fluid throughout the wellbore using novel electrochemical sensor technologies. The change in liquid-phase ion concentration will be used to calculate the proportion of liquid to steam and allow for accurate enthalpy measurements. The techniques and technologies described here can be applied to any application of electrochemical sensing in extreme environments.

The invention provides a physiological sensing device for the measurement of pCO2, the device comprising: (i) a closed chamber bounded, at least partially, by a carbon dioxide permeable membrane; and (ii) at least two electrodes within said chamber, wherein said chamber contains a substantially electrolyte-free liquid in contact with the electrodes and the membrane and wherein the liquid comprises at least one metal or metalloid ion.

Detection devices for detecting one or more target analytes such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may include a base and a sensor module coupleable to the base and including at least one electrochemical sensor, where the electrochemical sensor includes an electrode and an ionic liquid (e.g., room temperature ionic liquid) that is arranged on the electrode and specific to a target analyte. In some variations, at least one cavity specific to the target analyte is formed within the ionic liquid in response to the electrochemical sensor receiving an input signal.

A gas detection system includes a first sensor unit that outputs a voltage corresponding to a concentration of a specific gas, a storage tank capable of storing a sample gas or a purge gas to be supplied to the first sensor unit, and a control unit. The control unit detects a type and a concentration of a gas contained in the sample gas on the basis of a detection result of the first sensor unit. The control unit sets a collection period during which a gas in a predetermined space is collected into the storage tank as the sample gas or the purge gas and a supply period during which the sample gas or the purge gas is supplied to the first sensor unit such that the collection period and the supply period fall in different time slots.