The invention relates to a system for monitoring an airspace for an extensive area, with at least two optical sensors with a passive Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, wherein each optical sensor has an adjustable monitoring range and wherein the monitoring ranges of the at least two optical sensors overlap at least in sections, having a server for evaluating the measurement data and for controlling the at least two optical sensors, the server being set up to monitor the optical sensors for automatic scanning of the monitored areas, wherein the server assigns a respective solid angle to the measurement data on the basis of the position data of the optical sensor, evaluates the measurement data of the optical sensors to derive the spectral intensity distribution of the received IR radiation for each solid angle and, by means of correlation of the intensity distribution with known gas spectra, to identify at least one target substance, in the event of an incident, if a first optical sensor identifies a target substance in a first solid angle, to control at least one further optical sensor, to scan the overlap region with the monitoring region of the first optical sensor, to identify the target substance from the measurement data of the at least one further optical sensor and, in the event of an incident, to control at least one further optical sensor, to scan the overlap region with the monitoring region of the first optical sensor, to identify the target substance from the measurement data of the at least one further optical sensor, identifying at least one further solid angle with an infrared signal of the target substance, and determining the coordinates of the overlap region with increased concentration of the target substance from the solid angle information of the first solid angle and of the at least one further solid angle, wherein the measurement signals of the at least one further optical sensor in spatial directions with too small a measurement radius are not included in the evaluation.

The control device includes a control unit that is configured to control an unmanned aerial vehicle that collects a collection object. The control unit acquires information that indicates an odor intensity of the collection object to be collected, and determines a flight route of the unmanned aerial vehicle after the unmanned aerial vehicle picks up the collection object located at a collection point, based on the information that indicates the odor intensity of the collection object.

Methods, apparatuses and systems for providing gas detecting apparatuses (e.g., electrochemical detectors) are disclosed herein. An example gas detecting apparatus may comprise a sensing component comprising: a housing configured to receive a sample gaseous substance comprising a target gaseous substance and an interferent gaseous substance; a reference electrode, disposed within the housing; a counter electrode disposed within the housing; and a sensing electrode disposed within the housing that is operatively coupled to a bias voltage circuit.

Intrinsically safe and explosion proof enclosure platforms for convertible gas detectors are disclosed. In some embodiments, a convertible gas detector comprises a gas sensor, the gas sensor comprising sensor circuit. The gas detector further comprises an enclosure, the enclosure configured to house the sensor circuit. The gas sensor further comprises an end cap, the end cap configured to be detachably connected to the enclosure along a flamepath joint. The gas detector is configured to switch between operating as an explosion proof detector and an intrinsically safe detector responsive to whether the end cap is connected to the enclosure.

A process for testing an air source by providing a bag to collect a sample of gas. Connecting the filled bag to a collector assembly that has a fraction of the interior volume of the bag. Forcing the air sample from the bag over a media dish inside the collector assembly. Removing the media for further analysis. Both the bag and the collector assembly have one way exhaust valves to prevent over-pressure and allow a limited flow through of the sample.

An evaluation and control unit (100) for a broadband lambda probe (200) and a method for operating the same are disclosed. The evaluation and control unit (100) comprises pins (RE, IPE, APE, MES) connectable to electrical wires (201, 202, 203, 204) of electrochemical cells (210, 211) of the broadband lambda probe (200), a controller (103), a ASIC reference potential source (102), wherein the ASIC reference potential source (102) is operable by means of the controller (103), a switch assembly (104) connected to each of the pins (RE, I PE, APE, MES), wherein the switch assembly (104) comprises a first transistor (T.sub.Wire) and a second transistor (T.sub.ECU), wherein the switch reference potential source (105) is connected to a gate side of the first and second transistors (T.sub.Wire, T.sub.ECU), wherein the controller (103) is configured to vary the switch reference potential (V.sub.SW) applied to the gate side of the first and second transistors (T.sub.Wire, T.sub.ECU), wherein the switch assembly (104) is configured to allow a limiting current flowing to the drain side of the first transistor (T.sub.Wire) from the ASIC reference potential if the potential at the gate side of the first and second transistors (T.sub.Wire, T.sub.ECU) is at a predetermined voltage between values of an open and closed switch.

Disclosed herein is a sensor system including four interconnected resistors, where two of the resistors are photoconductive detectors, where the photoconductive detectors are illuminated with light at least at two different wavelengths, where two of the resistors does not change their resistance due to the illumination, where an external voltage is applicable to the sensor system, where a differential voltage is measurable, which depends on the resistance changes of the illuminated photoconductive detectors, where the differential voltage gives a mathematical ratio of the four respective resistances.

A gas-sensitive material, a preparation method therefore and an application thereof, and a gas sensor using the gas-sensitive material are provided. The gas-sensitive material is a carbon material-metal oxide composite nanomaterial formed by compounding a carbon material and metal oxides. The content of the carbon material is 0.5˜20 wt. % and the content of the metal oxides is 80˜99.5 wt. %; the metal oxides contain tungsten oxide and one or more selected from tin oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, molybdenum oxide, and zinc oxide; the metal oxides are formed on the carbon material in the form of nanowires, and the nanowires are tungsten oxide-doped nanowires. The gas-sensitive material has reduced resistance, is capable of responding to various gases at a reduced working temperature.

A gas sensor (1) including: a sensor element (21) having a detection section (22) through an element introduction hole (25); a metallic shell (11); and a single-wall tubular protector (51) having a gas introduction hole (56) and a gas discharge hole (53); a gap G is present between the gas introduction hole and a forwardly facing surface (12a) of the metallic shell; when the gas introduction hole is viewed toward the rear end side, an area Sh of a portion of the forwardly facing surface seen through the gas introduction hole, is equal to or greater than ½ of an opening area Sg of the gas introduction hole; the element introduction hole is located on the forward end side in relation to a forwardmost end (12f) of the forwardly facing surface; and a distance L1 of the gap G is smaller than a diameter D of the gas introduction hole.

A nanoparticle characterized by sensitivity to an analyte of interest and comprising a conductive core in contact with a plurality of ligands bound to the conductive core is disclosed. Additionally, a chemiresistor sensor comprising the nanoparticles of the invention and a method of using thereof such as for detection of an analyte of interest in a gaseous sample are disclosed.