Embodiments of the current disclosure are directed to systems, methods and apparatus for evaluating single cell secretion profiles. In some embodiments, the apparatus may be configured to analyze substances expressed by a biological cell and may include a first compressible substrate, and a second substrate configured for removable sealing attachment with the first substrate. In some embodiments, upon attachment of the second substrate with the first substrate, an assembly is formed such that the open side of the plurality of chambers are covered by the second substrate, and a portion of each of the plurality of capture areas are exposed in each of the chambers.

Provided is a channel device that is capable of increasing the concentration of fine particles in a liquid only by use of fluid-dynamic flows without relying on electrostatic interactions. A channel device (1) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: a main channel (11) configured to allow a liquid containing fine particles to flow therethrough; a chamber (15) that is provided at an end of the main channel (11) and that is configured to store target fine particles which have increased in concentration; and a side channel (12) that is connected to a side face of the main channel (11) and that is configured to allow unwanted liquid to drain therethrough, wherein at least one of a height and a width of the side channel (12) is smaller than a particle size of the fine particles.

The disclosure provides a method of detecting heterogeneity of disease in a cancer patient comprising (a) performing a direct analysis comprising immunofluorescent staining and morphological characteristization of nucleated cells in a blood sample obtained from the patient to identify and enumerate circulating tumor cells (CTC); (b) isolating the CTCs from the sample; (c) individually characterizing genomic parameters to generate a genomic profile for each of the CTCs, and (d) determining heterogeneity of disease in the cancer patient based on the profile. In some embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is hormone refractory.

A method for screening secretion-producing cells is provided, in which a cell that produces a secretion of interest is subjected to screening from a plurality of cells. The method includes capturing the cell and at least one detection particle that is allowed to capture the secretion of interest in each of a plurality of wells having a bottom section with a through-hole sized such that the cell does not pass through, causing the cell captured in each of the plurality of wells to produce a secretion, detecting the secretion of interest captured by the at least one detection particle, and identifying, based on a result of the detection as an index, a well in which a cell producing the secretion of interest is captured from the plurality of wells. Each of the wells has a size allowing the cell to be captured in one cell unit in a state in which one or more detection particles are captured.

This invention provides methods, reagents, and diagnostic and prognostic markers useful for minimally invasive identification, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention in individuals with colorectal cancers, or individuals who may be susceptible to developing colorectal cancers.

A method of choosing which undesired cell to destroy in a multi-cell fluorescent event includes detecting fluorescence of cells, converting photons detected in the fluorescence into an analog voltage output signal, and identifying at least two discernable peaks associated with the cells. By looking solely at properties measured within the multi-cell fluorescent event, a decision of which cell to target for elimination can be made. Using this method with large population sizes can result in an effective sex skewed product. The sex skewed product can, for example, be formed from bull semen which is then later used to inseminate cows which results in an increased likelihood of giving birth to female cattle.

A peptide is described herein that has: (i) a simple structure compared to existing natural human erythropoietin, thus capable of easily passing through a tissue-blood barrier, (ii) excellent bioactivity with respect to cell-protecting activity, (iii) a low manufacturing cost, thus being economically advantageous, and (iv) no side effects on cell proliferation. Also, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the erythropoietin-derived peptide described herein as an active ingredient is described. The pharmaceutical composition may be used for preventing or treating cell damage-related illnesses, such as stroke, mechanical damage or ischemic damage to the nervous system, myocardial infarction, retinal damage, and diabetes. Also, the described pharmaceutical composition may be used for preventing cell damage.

The present invention is directed to a method of measuring cell migration by measuring the invasion ratio of cells incubated on a pillar array inserted into a well structure, the method including steps of: preparing a pillar array having a plurality of micropillars and a well structure having a plurality of microwells into which the plurality of micropillars is insertable, respectively; forming cell spheroids by incubating cells in an extracellular matrix attached to the end contact surfaces of the micropillars; allowing the cells contained in the cell spheroids to invade the end contact surfaces; staining and scanning the cell spheroids, the cells contained in the cell spheroids, and the cells that invaded the end contact surfaces; and calculating the invasion ratio of cells by the following equation through a fluorescence image of the scanned cells:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{Invasion}\mathrm{Ratio}=\frac{\mathrm{Invasion}\mathrm{cell}\mathrm{area}}{\mathrm{Total}\mathrm{cell}\mathrm{area}}=\frac{A_{\mathrm{Total}}-A_{\mathrm{spheroid}}}{A_{\mathrm{Total}}}& \left[\mathrm{Equation}\right]\end{array}$

wherein A.sub.total represents the total cell area, and A.sub.spheroid represents the spheroid area.

Embodiments disclosed herein relates to ganglioside GM3-containing mixed lipids nanoparticles having an overall size between 60-100 nm, the making thereof and the uses. The nanoparticles selectively targeted to CD169+ expressing cells such as dendritic cells and macrophage. The nanoparticles are endocytosed by the CD169+ expressing cells.

Provided herein are carrier cells and virus combinations and methods for treatment of cancers. Also provided are modified carrier cells for such treatment, and methods of selecting carrier cells that are matched to subjects for such treatment.