Provided is a non-invasive method of detecting or screening for a cancer in a subject specimen originating in a tissue outside of the lung. The method includes detecting elevated levels of one or more carbonyl-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are biomarkers for the cancer in exhaled breath from the subject specimen. The method may further include obtaining exhaled breath from the subject specimen; forming adducts of the carbonyl-containing VOCs with a reactive chemical compound; quantifying the adducts of the carbonyl-containing VOCs to establish a subject value for each of the adducts; and comparing each subject value to a threshold healthy specimen value for each of the adducts of the carbonyl-containing VOCs. One or more subject values at quantities greater than threshold healthy specimen values are also useful for screening for the cancer in the subject specimen.

Disclosed herein are methods useful for detecting and/or quantifying tropolone in samples, e.g., generated during the production of and in final formulations of a product, e.g., a recombinant protein, e.g., an antibody. Tropolone and derivatives thereof (cycloheptatriene ketones) are separated from a mixture by adding a partially or fully fluorinated alkyl or aryl (e.g. pentafluorophenyl-propyl), which (covalently) binds the tropolone-like compound. Then it is assayed via UV or tandem mass spectrometry. A reaction mixture of tropolone-like compounds and fluorinated alkyl or aryl is also disclosed.

Provided are, for example, (i) a drug that reacts with acrolein and (ii) a use thereof. A drug that reacts with acrolein in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention contains a compound having a chemical structure represented by Formula (1):

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Disclosed herein are systems, sensors and methods for determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid. The system comprises a sensor configured to generate a differential response to a constant concentration of the analyte; and an acquisition device configured to determine the concentration of the analyte from the differential response. The method comprises exposing the fluid to a sensor which is configured to generate a differential response to a constant concentration of the analyte; and measuring a differential response of the sensor to the analyte.

Disclosed herein are systems, sensors and methods for determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid. The system comprises a sensor configured to generate a differential response to a constant concentration of the analyte; and an acquisition device configured to determine the concentration of the analyte from the differential response. The method comprises exposing the fluid to a sensor which is configured to generate a differential response to a constant concentration of the analyte; and measuring a differential response of the sensor to the analyte.

Provided is a non-invasive method of detecting or screening for a cancer in a subject specimen originating in a tissue outside of the lung. The method includes detecting elevated levels of one or more carbonyl-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are biomarkers for the cancer in exhaled breath from the subject specimen. The method may further include obtaining exhaled breath from the subject specimen; forming adducts of the carbonyl-containing VOCs with a reactive chemical compound; quantifying the adducts of the carbonyl-containing VOCs to establish a subject value for each of the adducts; and comparing each subject value to a threshold healthy specimen value for each of the adducts of the carbonyl-containing VOCs. One or more subject values at quantities greater than threshold healthy specimen values are also useful for screening for the cancer in the subject specimen.

Provided is a non-invasive method of detecting or screening for a cancer in a subject specimen originating in a tissue outside of the lung. The method includes detecting elevated levels of one or more carbonyl-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are biomarkers for the cancer in exhaled breath from the subject specimen. The method may further include obtaining exhaled breath from the subject specimen; forming adducts of the carbonyl-containing VOCs with a reactive chemical compound; quantifying the adducts of the carbonyl-containing VOCs to establish a subject value for each of the adducts; and comparing each subject value to a threshold healthy specimen value for each of the adducts of the carbonyl-containing VOCs. One or more subject values at quantities greater than threshold healthy specimen values are also useful for screening for the cancer in the subject specimen.

The invention relates to a method for determining a condensation product of a Pictet-Spengler reaction between a carbonyl compound, in particular an aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde, and an amine in a body fluid removed from a human and/or in cells taken from a human, wherein a chemical, physical, or physico-chemical determination of the condensation product as an analyte is carried out on the body fluid and/or the cells. The invention also relates to novel analytes useful therefor.

This disclosure relates to a screening test method, device, and kit for mucosal carbohydrates and associated conditions including, cancerous and precancerous conditions. Specifically, the method tests abnormal carbohydrates in mucus or body fluid using reagents of galactose oxidase, and Schiff's Reagent. The screening test method, device, and kit provides improved accuracy, and minimizes handling procedures. This disclosure further relates to the use of the device or kit in a medical facility for an initial evaluation for cancerous and precancerous conditions.

This disclosure relates to a screening test method, device, and kit for mucosal carbohydrates and associated conditions including, cancerous and precancerous conditions. Specifically, the method tests abnormal carbohydrates in mucus or body fluid using reagents of galactose oxidase, and Schiff's Reagent. The screening test method, device, and kit provides improved accuracy, and minimizes handling procedures. This disclosure further relates to the use of the device or kit in a medical facility for an initial evaluation for cancerous and precancerous conditions.