A single flex double-sided electrode useful in a continuous glucose monitoring sensor. In one example, a counter electrode is placed on the back-side of the flex and a work electrode is placed on the top-side of the sensor flex. The electrode is fabricated on physical vapor deposited metal deposited on a base substrate. Adhesion of the electrode to the base substrate is carefully controlled so that the electrode can be processed on the substrate and subsequently removed from the substrate after processing.

Nutritive polypeptides are provided herein. Also provided are various other embodiments including nucleic acids encoding the polypeptides, recombinant microorganisms that make the polypeptides, vectors for expressing the polypeptides, methods of making the polypeptides using recombinant microorganisms, compositions and formulations that comprise the polypeptides, and methods of using the polypeptides, compositions and formulations.

Nutritive polypeptides are provided herein. Also provided are various other embodiments including nucleic acids encoding the polypeptides, recombinant microorganisms that make the polypeptides, vectors for expressing the polypeptides, methods of making the polypeptides using recombinant microorganisms, compositions and formulations that comprise the polypeptides, and methods of using the polypeptides, compositions and formulations.

A fluid ejection controller interface includes input logic to receive control data packets and a first clock signal, each control data packet including a set of primitive data bits and a set of random bits, wherein the input logic identifies the random bits in the received control data packets to facilitate the creation of modified control data packets. The fluid ejection controller interface includes a clock signal generator to generate a second clock signal that is different than the first clock signal, and output logic to receive the modified control data packets, and output the modified control data packets to a fluid ejection controller of a fluid ejection device based on the second clock signal.

A fluid ejection controller interface includes input logic to receive control data packets and a first clock signal, each control data packet including a set of primitive data bits and a set of random bits, wherein the input logic identifies the random bits in the received control data packets to facilitate the creation of modified control data packets. The fluid ejection controller interface includes a clock signal generator to generate a second clock signal that is different than the first clock signal, and output logic to receive the modified control data packets, and output the modified control data packets to a fluid ejection controller of a fluid ejection device based on the second clock signal.

The present provides a Positional Isotopomer NMR Tracer Analysis (PINTA) method that can be used to noninvasively assess rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation (V.sub.CS) and/or pyruvate carboxylase (V.sub.PC) flux in a subject. In certain embodiments, the methods utilize a combined NMR/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plasma following infusion of [3-.sup.13C]lactate and glucose tracer. The method of the invention provides investigators with a tool to non-invasively examine the role of altered hepatic mitochondrial metabolism and study the effects of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

The present provides a Positional Isotopomer NMR Tracer Analysis (PINTA) method that can be used to noninvasively assess rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation (V.sub.CS) and/or pyruvate carboxylase (V.sub.PC) flux in a subject. In certain embodiments, the methods utilize a combined NMR/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plasma following infusion of [3-.sup.13C]lactate and glucose tracer. The method of the invention provides investigators with a tool to non-invasively examine the role of altered hepatic mitochondrial metabolism and study the effects of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

The present disclosure relates to methods of preparing personalized blood vessels, useful for transplantation with improved host compatibility and reduced susceptibility to thrombosis. Also provided are personalized blood vessels produced by the methods and use thereof in surgery.

The present disclosure relates to methods of preparing personalized blood vessels, useful for transplantation with improved host compatibility and reduced susceptibility to thrombosis. Also provided are personalized blood vessels produced by the methods and use thereof in surgery.

A system and method is provided for a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system and the processing of data collected thereby. An internet gateway chip (140, 240, 340, 440) is included in elements of a CGM system to facilitate direct data communication with cloud network storage (150, 250, 350, 450) thereby communicate and store data of a CGM sensor (110, 210, 310, 410) of the CGM system. The internet gateway chip can be included in a receiver (130, 230, 330), such as an existing wireless receiver and display device of the CGM; in a smart phone or similar device, where the smart phone is also the wireless receiver and display device of the CGM; or in the sensor, such as an existing sensor and/or transmitter (410, 420) of the CGM to facilitate direct data communication between the CGM system and cloud network storage.