The disclosure relates to novel epitopes specific for narcolepsy and their uses in methods for evaluating a subject for narcolepsy, in medical and diagnostic devices and in therapy.

A method is provided for treating a recipient with a biological product obtained from at least one donor that may be the same as, or different from, the recipient. The method includes identifying a targeted level of gene expression of a first gene in a biological product to be transferred from at least one donor to a recipient; treating the at least one donor to achieve the targeted level of gene expression of the first gene in the biological product; and transferring the biological product from the at least one donor to the recipient.

It can sometimes be difficult to quantify the amount of polymer present in a subterranean treatment fluid, particularly at a job site. Methods for analyzing a treatment fluid for a polymer can comprise: receiving a sample of a treatment fluid comprising a nitrogen-containing polymer; placing the sample of the treatment fluid and an aqueous base in an oilfield retort; heating the sample of the treatment fluid and the aqueous base together in the oilfield retort at least until the nitrogen-containing polymer has been substantially hydrolyzed to one or more volatile nitrogen compounds; distilling the one or more volatile nitrogen compounds from the oilfield retort; and determining a quantity of the nitrogen-containing polymer in the sample of the treatment fluid based upon a quantity of the one or more volatile nitrogen compounds distilled from the oilfield retort. Analyses of other nitrogen-containing compounds may take place similarly.

Provided herein are, inter alia, methods, compositions, and systems, for detecting and treating lung dysbiosis. In aspects, included herein are methods, compositions, and systems for detecting infections (such as Aspergillus sp. infections and Mycobacterium sp. infections), or the risk thereof, as well as for treating such infections. Also provided are methods, compositions, and systems for detecting whether a subject who has pneumonia and is infected with HI has an increased risk of dying compared to a general population of subjects who have pneumonia and are infected with HIV. Methods, compositions, and systems for monitoring subjects diagnosted as having a disease or risk as disclosed herein are also included.

Provided are a biomarker for diagnosing of the level of senescence, a composition and kit for diagnosing of the level of senescence to detect the biomarker, and a method of diagnosing the same. According to the composition and kit for the diagnosis of the level of senescence and the method of diagnosing senescence, the level of senescence of a subject is easily diagnosed, the health conditions of the subject are monitored, and a senescence-associated disease is prevented or diagnosed.

The disclosure relates to the substantially non-invasive diagnosis of liver disease, especially to enable intervention in the progression of such disease at an early stage. This invention further relates to the use of plasma biomarkers to differentiate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and normal controls. Specifically, the invention relates to the use of free eicosanoids and other polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolite levels in plasma to differentiate NASH from NAFL and non-NAFLD normal controls.

The disclosure relates to the substantially non-invasive diagnosis of liver disease, especially to enable intervention in the progression of such disease at an early stage. This invention further relates to the use of plasma biomarkers to differentiate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and normal controls. Specifically, the invention relates to the use of free eicosanoids and other polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolite levels in plasma to differentiate NASH from NAFL and non-NAFLD normal controls.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an antibody that binds to a human PGE.sub.2 receptor subtype EP4 and inhibits the function of EP4, or a functional fragment thereof. It is another object of the present invention to provide a medicament comprising the aforementioned antibody or a functional fragment thereof. Mice were immunized with the human PGE.sub.2 receptor subtype EP4, and a monoclonal antibody that suppresses the intracellular cAMP level increase induced by EP4 was screened. In addition, the CDR sequences of the obtained monoclonal antibody were determined.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an antibody that binds to a human PGE.sub.2 receptor subtype EP4 and inhibits the function of EP4, or a functional fragment thereof. It is another object of the present invention to provide a medicament comprising the aforementioned antibody or a functional fragment thereof. Mice were immunized with the human PGE.sub.2 receptor subtype EP4, and a monoclonal antibody that suppresses the intracellular cAMP level increase induced by EP4 was screened. In addition, the CDR sequences of the obtained monoclonal antibody were determined.

The present invention relates to the substantially non-invasive diagnosis of liver disease, especially to enable intervention in the progression of such disease at an early stage. This invention further relates to the use of plasma biomarkers to differentiate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and normal controls. Specifically, the invention relates to the use of free eicosanoids and other polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolite levels in plasma to differentiate NASH from NAFL and non-NAFLD normal controls.