Methods for treating, diagnosing, and providing prognostic information for kidney disease related to MERS-CoV infection are described. Transcription and translation products (for example, mRNA or peptides) of FGF2, Smad7, and/or sequences upstream of FGF2 are useful as markers that indicate kidney disease and/or provide prognostic information related to the course of kidney disease related to MERS-CoV infection. Such kidney disease can be treated and/or mitigated by reducing the availability of FGF2, Smad7, and/or a sequence upstream from FGF2 by reducing and/or regulating transcription and by sequestering related peptides using a large molecule binding partner, such as an antibody. Sequences for useful siRNAs and antisense oligonucleotides are provided.

Disclosed herein are methods, kits, tests, and systems for detecting, predicting, monitoring, or ruling out preeclampsia in pregnant women. Also provided herein are novel diagnostic markers, methods of data analysis, assay formats, and kits employing such markers to improve one or more characteristics of a test for identifying or ruling out preeclampsia based on biomarkers from patient samples.

The invention relates to systems and methods for the diagnosis, amelioration, and treatment of ischemic tissues in patients caused by and/or resulting from diminished microvascular blood flow. Patients suffering from ischemic tissue conditions can be categorized into specific subsets that are deemed to have a potential to respond to therapy. In particular, the invention includes various therapies involving stimulation of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, arteriogenesis and/or neovascularization so as to increase perfusion of various tissues.

Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein.

The present invention relates to a method for prediction of response to cardiovascular regeneration comprising the use of biomarkers. Further, the present invention relates to a combination of the biomarkers for use in a method for prediction of response to cardiovascular regeneration, a computer device to perform a method according to the present invention and a device adapted for carrying out the inventive method.

The present invention provides methods for determining the level or status of minimal residue disease (MRD) in a multiple myeloma (MM) patient including analyzing peripheral natural killer (NK), NK-T and T cell distribution and/or activation, and quantifying inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in a biological sample obtained from an MM patient to provide a peripheral immune profile; and obtaining a level or status of MRD in the MM patient from the peripheral immune profile, wherein if the peripheral immune profile exceeds a pre-determined threshold, the MM patient is positive for MRD.

The present invention relates in one aspect to the discovery that -Klotho is the primary cell-surface receptor for FGF21, with FGFR1c functioning as a catalytic subunit that ultimately mediates intracellular signaling. In one aspect, the invention provides compositions and methods that are useful in treating or preventing endocrine FGF-related diseases or disorders.

The invention relates to systems and methods for the diagnosis, amelioration, and treatment of ischemic tissues in patients caused by and/or resulting from diminished microvascular blood flow. Patients suffering from ischemic tissue conditions can be categorized into specific subsets that are deemed to have a potential to respond to therapy. In particular, the invention includes various therapies involving stimulation of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, arteriogenesis and/or neovascularization so as to increase perfusion of various tissues.

Cells within liver tumour mass comprise a unique set of proteins/tumour antigens when compared to the normal liver tissues epithelial cells juxtaposed to the tumour. The presence of tumour antigens couples the production of auto-antibodies against these tumour antigens. The present invention relates to the identification and elucidation of a protein set that can act as a novel marker set for liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Specifically, it relates to a kit that enables diagnostic and prognostic measurement of auto-antibodies in serum of liver cancer patients. The present invention provides a non-invasive, specific, sensitive, and cost effective detection and quantification method by evaluating a set of validated liver cancer proteins/tumour antigens, which includes Bmi-1, VCC1, SUMO-4, RhoA, TXN, ET-1, UBE2C, HDGF2, FGF21, LECT2, SOD1, STMN4, Midkine, IL-17A or IL26, to complement the conventional diagnostic methods.

A method for measuring fibroblast growth factor-23 (hereinafter, indicated as FGF-23) in a sample, which comprises the steps of:

(1) reacting in an aqueous medium, a sample and a first antibody or an antibody fragment thereof which binds to FGF-23;

(2) reacting in an aqueous medium, a second antibody or an antibody fragment thereof which binds to FGF-23 with Immunocomplex 1 produced in the aforementioned step (1) to produce Immunocomplex 2 consisting of the first antibody or the antibody fragment thereof which binds to FGF-23, FGF-23, and the second antibody or the antibody fragment thereof which binds to FGF-23; and

(3) measuring Immunocomplex 2 produced in the aforementioned step (2);

wherein the reaction of step (1) and/or step (2) is carried out in an aqueous medium comprising a surfactant such as a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether.