Methods for using gene expression changes and mutations in neural organoids to identify neural networks that predict the onset of Alzheimer's disease and associated comorbidities are disclosed.

The present invention relates to a two-photon fluorescent probe compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below, and a method for imaging amyloid beta plaques using same, wherein the two-photon fluorescent probe compound according to the present invention maintains an excellent two-photon fluorescence cross-section while at the same time maintaining efficient BBB permeability by minimizing background fluorescence such that a high signal-to-noise ratio is exhibited, and can effectively image Aβ plaques since high selectivity and sensitivity to Aβ plaques are exhibited, and can thus be usefully used in the field of neurodegenerative disease research, including early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. [Chemical Formula 1]

The invention relates to the identification of a new Tau species starting at residue Met11 (Met11-Tau) which is N-alpha-terminally acetylated form (N-alpha-acetyl-Met11-Tau species: Ac-Met11-Tau). Several monoclonal antibodies specific of this new Tau species have been developed. One of this antibody, 2H2/D11, was used in THY-Tau22 mouse model (that develops with age neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD) and memory deficits), and N-alpha-Ac-Met11-Tau species were clearly detected early in neurons displaying NFD on hippocampal brain sections while it is not reactive in hippocampus from elderly controls. Finally, by using ELISA sandwich specific of Ac-Met11-Tau species, Alzheimer Disease (AD) brain samples are clearly discriminated from human elderly control brains. Thus the invention relates to this new Tau species starting from the methionine residue at position 11 said methionine being N-alpha acetylated. The invention also relates to antibody that specifically binds this new tau species, a method of detection of this new Tau species and a method of diagnosis of Tauopathy disorder.

The present invention addresses a problem of providing a method for collecting extracellular vesicles derived from nervous system cells at an improved efficiency.

This problem is solved by a method for collecting extracellular vesicles derived from nervous system cells, said method comprising a step for mixing an anti-APLP1 antibody with a sample containing extracellular vesicles to form anti-APLP1 antibody-extracellular vesicle complexes and a step for collecting the anti-APLP1 antibody-extracellular vesicle complexes.

Methods and compositions for detecting tau pathology are described. The compositions for detecting tau pathology comprise a targeting ligand that specifically binds to a cell surface marker of tau pathology, wherein the targeting ligand is linked to a liposome that includes an imaging agent. The compositions can be used in a method for imaging tau pathology in a subject that comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of the composition to a subject and imaging at least a portion of the subject to determine if that portion of the subject exhibits tau pathology. The compositions can also be used to detect tau pathology in biological samples obtained from a subject.

The present invention is the protein of lactoferrin, or an encoding nucleic acid of the same, for use in the diagnosis or prognosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The invention is a method of diagnosis or prognosis of AD in a subject, comprising assessing the level of lactoferrin in the saliva or in a saliva sample of said subject and determining whether said level is above or below a value of 7.43 μg/ml, wherein a value below 7.43 μg/ml is indicative of AD or of the prognosis of AD. Another aspect is the protein of lactoferrin, or an encoding nucleic acid of the same, for use in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) in a saliva sample of a subject.

The present invention relates to inhibitors of HERV proteins comprising HERV Env and/or Gag, or fragments thereof, for use in treating a tauopathy, Parkinson's disease, or ALS (Amyothrophic Lateral Sclerosis). The present invention further relates to inhibitors of receptors which bind HERV Env proteins for use in treating a tauopathy, Parkinson's disease, or ALS (Amyothrophic Lateral Sclerosis). The present invention further relates to molecules binding to HERV Env and/or Gag, or fragments thereof, or to a nucleic acid molecule encoding said HERV Env and/or Gag, or fragments thereof, for use in diagnosing a tauopathy, Parkinson's disease, or ALS.

The present invention is directed to polymerized products and compositions useful for the treatment and prevention of amyloid disease in a subject. The invention further relates to isolated antibodies that recognize a common conformational epitope of amyloidogenic proteins or peptides that are useful for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of amyloid disease.

The present invention relates to an antibody for detecting acetylation of COX2 protein, and uses thereof, and more specifically, to an antibody that specifically recognizes the acetylation of S565 residue of the COX2 protein; and uses thereof for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases or inflammatory diseases. An antibody or a functional fragment thereof according to the present invention specifically binds to an acetylated residue of COX2 protein, and can thus be very effectively used for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and the like in which the degree of acetylation of S565 residue of the COX2 protein is reduced.

The present application relates to a non-human mammal model of a human neurodegenerative disorder, methods of producing the non-human mammal model, and methods of using the non-human mammal model to identify agents suitable for treating a neurodegenerative disorder. The present application also relates to methods of treating neurodegenerative disorders and restoring normal brain interstitial potassium levels.