A mirror that has a mirror substrate (12), a reflection layer stack (21) reflecting electromagnetic radiation incident on the optical effective surface (11), and at least one piezoelectric layer (16) arranged between the mirror substrate and the reflection layer stack and to which an electric field for producing a locally variable deformation is applied by way of a first electrode arrangement and a second electrode arrangement situated on alternate sides of the piezoelectric layer. In one aspect, both the first and the second electrode arrangements have a plurality of electrodes (20a, 20b), to each of which an electrical voltage relative to the respective other electrode arrangement can be applied via leads (19a, 19b). Separate mediator layers (17a, 17b) set continuous electrical potential profiles along the respective electrode arrangement, and where said mediator layers differ from one another in their average electrical resistance by a factor of at least 1.5.

A method for producing a substrate (10) for an optical element (11) includes: introducing a starting material, preferably a metal or a semimetal, into a container and melting the starting material, producing a material body having a quasi-monocrystalline volume region (8) by directionally solidifying the molten starting material proceeding from a plurality of monocrystalline seed plates arranged in the region of a base of the container, and producing the substrate by processing the material body to form an optical surface (12). An associated reflective optical element (11), in particular for reflecting EUV radiation (14) includes: a substrate having an optical surface on which a reflective coating (13) is applied. The substrate is typically produced in accordance with the associated method and has a quasi-monocrystalline volume region (8).

Provided a light modulating device including a variable mirror including a plurality of lattice structures, the plurality of lattice structures including a material having a refractive index that changes based on a temperature of the material, a distributed Bragg mirror spaced apart from the variable mirror and provided above the variable mirror, the distributed Bragg mirror including a first material layer and a second material layer that are alternately stacked, and a refractive index of the first material layer being different from a refractive index of the second material layer, and a heating portion configured to heat the plurality of lattice structures and provided below the variable mirror opposite to the distributed Bragg mirror.

A 3D-printed reflective optic providing very high specific stiffness through the utilization of a hollow shelled design, with closed back, filled with high-stiffness internal volumetric space-filling open-cell lattice structures. High-stiffness, structurally-integrated, sacrificial structures are also included for the purposes of reduction or elimination of tooling during post-processing operations.

An immersive device that may include Geometric shapes with reflective mirrored interiors. One or more light emitting elements may be configured to emit light into the reflective chamber. A processing unit may be in electrical communication with the light emitting elements. A sound device may be in communication with the processing unit, and the sound device may be configured to output sound to a user within the reflective chamber. An array of sensors, such as: digital camera, microphone, and electrophysiological monitoring devices that may be in communication with the processing unit and are configured to change the experience of the user within the chamber depending upon the signals from the sensors on the user.

A passive cooling article is disposed on a substrate to cool the substrate. The article includes an outer layer having a high absorbance in the atmospheric window region of the electromagnetic spectrum and having a high transmittance in the solar region of the spectrum. The article also includes a reflector having a high reflectivity in the solar region of the spectrum. At least one of the outer layer and the reflector includes a fluoropolymer. Micro-sized particles or surface structures may be disposed in or on the outer layer or the reflector to improve absorbance. A metallic layer may be disposed between the fluoropolymer and the substrate to be cooled.

A lighting module is disclosed. The lighting module includes a light emitting diode (LED) light source, and a total internal reflection (TIR) optical assembly. The optical assembly includes a refractor configured to be located proximate to the LED light source, and a reflector configured to be attached to the refractor. The refractor is made from a material that is resistant to thermal damage when exposed to heat generated by the LED light source.

An omnidirectional structural color pigment having a protective coating. The pigment has a first layer of a first material and a second layer of a second material, the second layer extending across the first layer. In addition, the pigment reflects a band of electromagnetic radiation having a predetermined full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 300 nm and a predetermined color shift of less than 30 when the pigment is exposed to broadband electromagnetic radiation and viewed from angles between 0 and 45. The pigment has a weather resistant coating that covers an outer surface thereof and reduces a relative photocatalytic activity of the pigment by at least 50%.

A structure includes: a first portion including a first front surface and a first rear surface that faces opposite to the first front surface; a second portion including a second front surface that faces opposite to the first front surface, and a second rear surface that faces opposite to the second front surface; a support portion that supports the first portion and the second portion; a first film formed on the first front surface; a second film formed on the first rear surface; and a third film (an eighth film, a ninth film and a tenth film) formed on at least a part of a surface of the support portion. A thermal emissivity of the first film is higher than thermal emissivities of the second film, the eighth film, the ninth film, and the tenth film.

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a reflecting surface having a length aligned along a first axis (z), where a cross-section of the reflecting surface in a plane perpendicular to the first axis (z) forms a curve comprising a concave section positioned between a first endpoint and a second endpoint, at least a portion of the concave section is accurately approximated by a polynomial equation, an aperture is formed by a straight line connecting the first endpoint to the second endpoint, and the concave section is configured to focus a plurality of beams of light passing through the aperture onto a focal point.