An optical element including a first optical layer, a second optical layer, and a transparent base material, the first optical layer being disposed between the second optical layer and the transparent base material and a diffraction grating being disposed at the interface between the first optical layer and the second optical layer, wherein the refractive index of the d-line of the second optical layer is higher than the refractive index of the d-line of the first optical layer, the Abbe number of the second optical layer is higher than the Abbe number of the first optical layer, the first optical layer is composed of a first resin and inorganic particles dispersed in the first optical layer, and the second optical layer is composed of a second resin having a modulus of elasticity of 0.1 GPa or more and 3.0 GPa or less at 22° C. or higher and 24° C. or lower.

An optical device includes a substrate, a first surface-relief grating including grooves and ridges formed on or in the substrate, a first overcoat layer in the grooves of the first surface-relief grating, and a first antireflective layer on the first overcoat layer. The ridges of the first surface-relief grating include high-refractive index, photoactive metal oxide nanoparticles and a material of the first overcoat layer in regions between the metal oxide nanoparticles, or the first overcoat layer includes the metal oxide nanoparticles and a material of the first antireflective layer in regions between the metal oxide nanoparticles. Methods of fabricating the optical device are also described.

There is provided a method for fabricating a waveguide. The method comprising fabricating a first master grating tool comprising a first tool substrate having a surface with an area corresponding at least to the area of a surface of the waveguide and having a first grating profile formed over substantially all of the surface of the first tool substrate. Fabricating a second master grating tool comprising a second tool substrate having a surface with an area corresponding at least to the area of the surface of the waveguide and having a second grating profile formed over substantially all of the surface of the second tool substrate. Using the first master grating tool to replicate the first grating profile over substantially all of a surface of a first waveguide substrate. Using the second master grating tool to replicate the second grating profile over substantially all of a surface of a second waveguide substrate. Applying a first dielectric layer over a selected area of the first grating profile replicated on the surface of the first waveguide substrate. Applying a second dielectric layer over a selected area of the second grating profile replicated on the surface of the second waveguide substrate. Applying a layer of laminating material to at least one of the surfaces of the first and second waveguide substrates and bringing the surfaces of the first and the second waveguide substrates together thereby to join the first and second waveguide substrates together by an intermediate lamination layer.

A method of neutralizing or mitigating a drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction or impairment for an individual, the method including providing to the individual an effective amount of a composition containing glycine or a functional derivative thereof and N-acetylcysteine or a functional derivative thereof. The drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction or impairment is from at least one drug consumed by the individual selected from the group consisting of an anticonvulsant; a psychotropic other than an antipsychotic drug; an analgesic/anti-inflammatory drug other than acetaminophen; an antibiotic; an anti-arrhythmic drug; a steroid; a beta-blocker; and an immunization.

A wearable device which is lighter, relatively safer at the time of breakage, and smaller than a wearable device having a lens substrate that is a glass substrate.

It is provided an assembly including an optical material layer composed of a metal oxide, an underlying layer provided over the optical material layer and composed of a metal or a metal silicide, and a resin layer provided over the underlying layer. A mold including a design pattern corresponding with the fine pattern to the resin layer of the assembly to transcript the design pattern to the resin layer. The resin layer and underlying layer are etched to form an opening in the resin layer and underlying layer to expose the optical material layer through the opening. The optical material layer is etched using the underlying layer as a mask to form the fine pattern in the optical material layer.

A laminated diffractive optical element includes a first resin layer having a first lattice shape and a second resin layer having a second lattice shape. The first resin layer and the second resin layer are laminated in this order on a first substrate so that the lattice shapes oppose each other. The first resin layer contains a resin and transparent conductive particles. The transparent conductive particles have an average particle size of 1 nm to 100 nm. A ratio of a polymer of an energy curable resin raw material having a long diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm in the first resin layer is 70 pieces/mm.sup.3 or less.

A security device includes a plurality of diffractive surface elements arranged on a carrier element. A surface covered by the diffractive surface elements on the carrier element can occupy at least a partial region of the carrier element. Each individual diffractive surface element can have a three-dimensional surface structure. A portion of the plurality of the diffractive surface elements can form a first surface element group including the portion of the plurality of diffractive surface elements, and an orientation of the diffractive surface elements in the first surface element group can be matched to each other wherein together they make a single first image point of an associated first symbol to be represented visible to an observer under particular observation conditions.

Disclosed herein are techniques for molding a slanted structure. In some embodiments, a mold for nanoimprint lithography includes a support layer, a polymeric layer on the support layer and including a slanted structure, and an oxide layer on surfaces of the slanted structure. In some embodiments, the oxide layer is conformally deposited on the surfaces of the slanted structure by atomic layer deposition. In some embodiments, the mold further includes an anti-sticking layer on the oxide layer.

In a spectroscopic module 1, a flange 7 is formed integrally with a diffraction layer 6 along a periphery thereof so as to become thicker than the diffraction layer 6. As a consequence, at the time of releasing a master mold used for forming the diffraction layer 6 and flange 7, the diffraction layer 6 formed along a convex curved surface 3a of a main unit 3 can be prevented from peeling off from the curved surface 3a together with the master mold. A diffraction grating pattern 9 is formed so as to be eccentric with respect to the center of the diffraction layer 6 toward a predetermined side. Therefore, releasing the mold earlier from the opposite side of the diffraction layer 6 than the predetermined side thereof can prevent the diffraction layer 6 from peeling off and the diffraction grating pattern 9 from being damaged.