A curved diffraction grating includes a substrate and a metal layer. The substrate is a two-dimensional curved plate structure and has a first surface, a second surface and a plurality of microstructures. The first surface is disposed opposite to the second surface, and the microstructures are disposed on the second surface. Each of the microstructures is a saw-tooth structure and has a clear blazed angle. The metal layer is disposed on the microstructures and has a plurality of diffraction structures corresponding to the microstructures. A spectrometer containing the curved diffraction grating and a manufacturing method of the curved diffraction grating are also disclosed.

A method of manufacturing a pattern structure is provided. The method includes forming a fine pattern on a wafer, cutting the wafer by irradiating the wafer with a laser while changing a focal depth of the laser, thereby forming a unit pattern structure having a fine pattern, and bonding cutting surfaces of at least two unit pattern structures. The cutting of the wafer comprises moving a focal position of the laser in a horizontal direction and changing the focal depth of the laser, such that the unit pattern structure has a cutting surface profile in which a first surface of the unit pattern structure on which the fine pattern is formed protrudes, in a direction substantially parallel to the first surface, from a second surface of the unit pattern structure that is opposite to the first surface.

A method is provided for producing a microelectronic device having a subsequent grating of reliefs of which at least one wall is slanted, the method including providing a structure including a base, and an initial grating of reliefs, each relief having at least one proximal end in contact with the base, a distal end, and at least one wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and laying the reliefs of the initial grating on one another, by application of at least one stress on the structure, such that walls facing two adjacent reliefs come into contact, thus generating at least one subsequent grating of reliefs of which at least one wall is slanted.

A surface-relief grating includes a base surface-relief grating comprising a plurality of ridges that include a first material, and a second material on only a top surface or a single sidewall of each ridge of the plurality of ridges, where the second material is different from the first material. A method of fabricating the surface-relief grating includes etching or molding a base surface-relief grating that includes a plurality of ridges, depositing a material layer on the plurality of ridges, and selectively etching the material layer to increase a height or a slant angle of an edge of a ridge in the plurality of ridges to make the surface-relief grating that includes the base surface-relief grating.

Methods and apparatuses related to fiducial designs for fiducial markers on glass substrates, or other transparent or translucent substrates, are disclosed. Example fiducial designs can facilitate visual recognition by enhancing edge detection in visual perception. In example fiducial designs, optical features on glass substrates can re-direct light so as to present a bright image region. Such optical features can include surface relief patterns formed in a coating on the surface of glass substrates. An exemplary method for manufacturing the fiducial markers can involve transfers of a fiducial design across a master mold or plate, a submaster mold or plate, and a target glass substrate. A fiducial marker can facilitate the use of the substrate in a variety of applications, including machine vision systems that facilitate automated performance of manufacturing processes on input working material.

Techniques disclosed herein relate generally to surface-relief structures. In one embodiment, a surface-relief grating includes a plurality of grating ridges. The plurality of grating ridges includes a first set of grating ridges characterized by a first refractive index, and a second set of grating ridges interleaved with the first set of grating ridges and characterized by a second refractive index different from the first refractive index. The plurality of grating ridges is imprinted in a polymer layer by a nanoimprint lithography process and is exposed to a light pattern to form the first set of grating ridges and the second set of grating ridges that have different refractive indices.

An RGB and/or CMYK full color optical display device comprising multiple nanostructure arrays configured to provide display of a wide range of colors corresponding to multiple pixels or sub-regions of an image is disclosed, where the multiple nanostructure arrays may be formed on a single substrate layer. An optical display device includes a substrate having a surface, and a first pixel of a color image comprising first and second sub-pixels according to at least one of an additive and subtractive color scheme, where the first sub-pixel comprises a first optical sub-wavelength nanostructure array formed on or in the surface of the substrate, and where the second sub-pixel comprises a second optical sub-wavelength nanostructure array formed on or in the surface of the substrate. A method of manufacturing an RGB and/or CMYK full color optical display comprising multiple nanostructure arrays arranged as sub-pixels according to a color scheme is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a diffractive grating. The method comprises providing a first substrate and manufacturing onto the first substrate a first surface profile using temporary grating material. Next, the first surface profile is covered entirely by a layer of final grating material and a second substrate is bonded onto the final grating material. Finally, the first substrate and the temporary grating material are removed for producing on the final grating material a second surface profile, which is a negative of the first surface profile. The invention allows for conveniently producing high quality gratings using e.g. inorganic materials and height and/or fill factor modulation for diffraction efficiency control.

At least one composite workpiece includes: a substrate body including at least one first surface and at least one second surface, the at least one first surface of the substrate body being shaped convexly at least in areas and the at least one second surface of the substrate body being shaped concavely at least in areas, and the at least one composite workpiece has a bow with an absolute value of between 0.1 μm and 50 μm due to the curved shape of the at least one first surface and the at least one second surface; and at least one first coating, at least the at least one first surface of the substrate body being coated at least in areas with the first coating.

The present exemplary embodiments provide an optical array which reduces the collision of the birds by means of a recognizable optical structure in a situation in which flying birds quickly approaches in various directions and ensures 80% or higher of transparency of a device surface and a manufacturing method thereof.