Film stacks comprise a quarter-wave retarder and a transparent aliphatic cross-linked polyurethane layer disposed on a major surface of the quarter-wave retarder. The transparent aliphatic cross-linked polyurethane layer has a glass transition temperature in a range from 11 to 27° C. and a Tan Delta peak value in a range from 0.5 to 2.5.

A fluorine-containing copolymer composition includes repeating units derived from a fluorine-containing monomer represented by Formula (I) and from a monomer having at least two polymerizable groups, in which the latter is 3% by mass or more with respect to a total mass of the fluorine-containing copolymer, and the former is 15% by mass or more with respect to a total solid content in the composition, in the Formula (I), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a group having at least one fluorine atom; and L.sub.1 represents a divalent linking group including at least one selected from the group consisting of —O—, —(C═O)O—, —O(C═O)—, —(C═O)NH—, —NH(C═O)—, a divalent aromatic group which may have a substituent, a divalent aliphatic chain group which may have a substituent, and a divalent aliphatic cyclic group which may have a substituent.

The optical multilayer film, which comprises a laminate in which a base layer, a primer layer, a hard coat layer, a first refractive layer, and a second refractive layer are sequentially laminated, has a very low reflectance and enhanced optical characteristics by adjusting the in-plane retardation of the base layer and the refractive indices of the respective layers. Thus, the optical component and the display device, which comprise the optical multilayer film, have a low reflectance and excellent other optical characteristics.

The present application relates to a polarizing plate having a polarizing film in which a light absorption axis is formed in one in-plane direction; a protective film formed on one side of the polarizing film; and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on the other side of the polarizing film, where the total thickness is 200 μm or less, and a ratio of (S.sub.Pro/S.sub.PVA) of a shrinkage force (S.sub.PVA) of the polarizing film in the in-plane direction parallel to the light absorption axis direction and a shrinkage force (S.sub.Pro) of the protective film in the in-plane direction perpendicular to the light absorption axis direction is in a range of 0.1 to 5. The present application can provide a polarizing plate which does not cause cracks or the like while having a thin thickness, does not induce warping or twisting in itself and does not induce the above problems even when applied to a display device such as an LCD or OLED.

Provided is a polarizing sheet that can precisely impart a desired curved shape without causing whitening when bending is carried out. A polarizing sheet of an embodiment of the present invention having a structure in which a polyamide resin film (1), a polarizing film, and a polyamide resin film (2) are laminated in this order, wherein a retardation value of the polyamide resin film (1) is from 10 to 3000 nm, and the retardation value of the polyamide resin film (1) and a retardation value of the polyamide resin film (2) satisfy Formula (r):

[Retardation Value of Polyamide Resin Film (1)]−[Retardation Value of Polyamide Resin Film (2)]≥10 nm   (r).

The present invention relates to a display device. On the one hand, a first glass is provided between the cover plate and the polarizer, and the high yield strength characteristic of the first glass is used to effectively improve the problem of bending creases caused by bending multiple times, wherein the rigidity of the first glass is used to improve the flatness of the display device. On the other hand, the second glass is used instead of the PI substrate in the prior art to further improve the flatness of the display device.

Provided are a polarizer comprising a polyvinyl alcohol-based film and having an endothermic peak of 50° C. to 60° C. when measured by differential scanning calorimetry at a temperature increase rate of 10° C./min; a polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a first protective film and a second protective film laminated on one surface and the other surface of the polarizer, respectively, and having an initial shrinkage initiation temperature greater than 70° C. and less than or equal to 90° C. during thermomechanical analysis; and an optical display device comprising same.

Example radar systems, optical detectors, vehicles, and optical detection methods are provided. An example radar system includes a laser device and an optical detector. The optical detector can include a first polarization scanner and a photosensitive device. The laser device can be configured to emit detection laser. The first polarization scanner can be configured to refract an echo signal of the detection laser, where a refractive index of the first polarization scanner is variable. The photosensitive device can be configured to sense the echo signal refracted by the first polarization scanner.

An optical sensor comprising a substrate. a silicon layer having an optical sensor. light transmissive material covering at least portions of the silicon layer, the optical sensor and the substrate; and an optical layer positioned above the light transmissive material. In some embodiments the optical layer can be a light filtering layer adapted and configured to selectively reflect, absorb or prohibit passage of light in a desired frequency range.

A polarizer and optical display device comprising the same are disclosed. Specifically, the polarizer comprises: a polarizing film; and a contrast ratio improving film formed on one surface of the polarizing film, wherein the contrast ratio improving film comprises a contrast ratio improving layer consisting of a first protective layer, and first and second resin layers facing each other, and the first resin layer has: pattern parts having two or more optical patterns on one surface thereof that faces the second resin layer and a flat part between the optical pattern and another immediately adjacent optical pattern.