A method includes obtaining a baseline blood pressure at an initial time window; estimating a plurality of intermediate blood pressure change estimates, the intermediate blood pressure change estimates correspond to respective time windows that are subsequent to the initial time window; estimating a final blood pressure change estimate between the initial and final time windows; and obtaining the blood pressure by adding the baseline blood pressure to the final blood pressure change estimate. Estimating the final blood pressure includes estimating a first blood pressure change between the initial time window and the final time window; estimating a plurality of second blood pressure changes, each second blood pressure change is between a respective time window of the respective time windows and the final time window; and estimating the final blood pressure change estimate as a combination of the first blood pressure change and the plurality of second blood pressure changes.

A method includes obtaining a baseline blood pressure at an initial time window; estimating a plurality of intermediate blood pressure change estimates, the intermediate blood pressure change estimates correspond to respective time windows that are subsequent to the initial time window; estimating a final blood pressure change estimate between the initial and final time windows; and obtaining the blood pressure by adding the baseline blood pressure to the final blood pressure change estimate. Estimating the final blood pressure includes estimating a first blood pressure change between the initial time window and the final time window; estimating a plurality of second blood pressure changes, each second blood pressure change is between a respective time window of the respective time windows and the final time window; and estimating the final blood pressure change estimate as a combination of the first blood pressure change and the plurality of second blood pressure changes.

A device for detecting stenosis comprising disposable components to ensure function and sanitary conditions, said device having a disposable sensing pad, a disposable piezo assembly, and a disposable sensing pod, wherein the entire device can be disposed of after a predetermined number of uses to ensure accuracy of results and of sanitary conditions.

A device for detecting stenosis comprising disposable components to ensure function and sanitary conditions, said device having a disposable sensing pad, a disposable piezo assembly, and a disposable sensing pod, wherein the entire device can be disposed of after a predetermined number of uses to ensure accuracy of results and of sanitary conditions.

Disclosed is a method for calculating an instantaneous wave-free ratio based on a pressure sensor and angiogram images, comprising: acquiring pressures at the coronary artery ostium of heart by a blood pressure sensor in real-time, and storing the pressure values in a data linked table, and the data linked table being indexed by time and the time and real-time pressure being saved in the form of key-value pairs; finding out corresponding datas from the data queue based on time index using the angiography time as an index value, taking an average value of four wave-free pressure values as a wave-free pressure value Pa; obtaining a time Tn of an end phase of a diastolic period, namely of a wave-free period within one cycle according to the time index within the cycle; obtaining a length L of a segment of a blood vessel through angiogram images of two body positions, and obtaining a blood flow velocity V; calculating a pressure drop ΔP and calculating a pressure Pd which at the distal end of the blood vessel as Pd=Pa−ΔP, and further obtaining the instantaneous wave-free ratio.

Disclosed is a method for calculating an instantaneous wave-free ratio based on a pressure sensor and angiogram images, comprising: acquiring pressures at the coronary artery ostium of heart by a blood pressure sensor in real-time, and storing the pressure values in a data linked table, and the data linked table being indexed by time and the time and real-time pressure being saved in the form of key-value pairs; finding out corresponding datas from the data queue based on time index using the angiography time as an index value, taking an average value of four wave-free pressure values as a wave-free pressure value Pa; obtaining a time Tn of an end phase of a diastolic period, namely of a wave-free period within one cycle according to the time index within the cycle; obtaining a length L of a segment of a blood vessel through angiogram images of two body positions, and obtaining a blood flow velocity V; calculating a pressure drop ΔP and calculating a pressure Pd which at the distal end of the blood vessel as Pd=Pa−ΔP, and further obtaining the instantaneous wave-free ratio.

Examples of 3D-printed sensing devices for detecting vascular conditions in an animal body are described. A 3D-printed sensing device may comprise a binding layer to attach the 3D-printed sensing device to a part of the animal body. A sensor layer is extruded atop the binding layer. The sensor layer comprises a piezoresistive transducer to generate an electrical signal based on a pulse detected in the part of the animal body. In an example, the electrical signal is a binary signal having a logical high value at an instant of occurrence of the pulse and is agnostic of a strength of the pulse. An amplification module in the sensor layer may amplify the electrical signal and provide the amplified signal to a transmitter unit of the 3D-printed sensing device to transmit the amplified signal to a monitoring device associated with the 3D-printed sensing device.

Examples of 3D-printed sensing devices for detecting vascular conditions in an animal body are described. A 3D-printed sensing device may comprise a binding layer to attach the 3D-printed sensing device to a part of the animal body. A sensor layer is extruded atop the binding layer. The sensor layer comprises a piezoresistive transducer to generate an electrical signal based on a pulse detected in the part of the animal body. In an example, the electrical signal is a binary signal having a logical high value at an instant of occurrence of the pulse and is agnostic of a strength of the pulse. An amplification module in the sensor layer may amplify the electrical signal and provide the amplified signal to a transmitter unit of the 3D-printed sensing device to transmit the amplified signal to a monitoring device associated with the 3D-printed sensing device.

A method includes obtaining a baseline blood pressure at an initial time window; estimating a plurality of intermediate blood pressure change estimates, the intermediate blood pressure change estimates correspond to respective time windows that are subsequent to the initial time window; estimating a final blood pressure change estimate between the initial and final time windows; and obtaining the blood pressure by adding the baseline blood pressure to the final blood pressure change estimate. Estimating the final blood pressure includes estimating a first blood pressure change between the initial time window and the final time window; estimating a plurality of second blood pressure changes, each second blood pressure change is between a respective time window of the respective time windows and the final time window; and estimating the final blood pressure change estimate as a combination of the first blood pressure change and the plurality of second blood pressure changes.

A method includes obtaining a baseline blood pressure at an initial time window; estimating a plurality of intermediate blood pressure change estimates, the intermediate blood pressure change estimates correspond to respective time windows that are subsequent to the initial time window; estimating a final blood pressure change estimate between the initial and final time windows; and obtaining the blood pressure by adding the baseline blood pressure to the final blood pressure change estimate. Estimating the final blood pressure includes estimating a first blood pressure change between the initial time window and the final time window; estimating a plurality of second blood pressure changes, each second blood pressure change is between a respective time window of the respective time windows and the final time window; and estimating the final blood pressure change estimate as a combination of the first blood pressure change and the plurality of second blood pressure changes.