According to some aspects, a medical imaging system is provided. The medical imaging system includes an illumination device and a medical imaging device. The illumination device includes a first light source configured to emit first light having a wavelength range. The illumination device further includes a second light source configured to emit second light having at least one predetermined wavelength band. The at least one predetermined wavelength band is within the wavelength range. The illumination device further includes a dichroic mirror configured to attenuate a portion of the wavelength range corresponding to the at least one predetermined wavelength band and to multiplex the second light with the first light such that the portion of the wavelength range of the first light is attenuated. The light multiplexed by the dichroic mirror is emitted from the illumination device along an optical axis and irradiates an observation site. The medical imaging device includes at least one sensor configured to receive light from the observation site.

A method comprises obtaining reference data about a 3D calibration object, the reference data comprising known coordinates for a plurality of points on the object, and obtaining measurement data comprising measurements for the plurality of points on the object, the measurement data having been generated based on scanning of the object by an uncalibrated intraoral scanner. The method comprises comparing the measurement data to the reference data to determine differences therebetween and applying the determined differences between the measurement data and the reference data for the plurality of points to a function to generate a compensation model that compensates for one or more inaccuracies of the intraoral scanner. The compensation model is then stored, wherein the compensation model causes the intraoral scanner to be a calibrated intraoral scanner and is usable to correct measurement errors of the intraoral scanner caused by the one or more inaccuracies of the intraoral scanner.

A heat sink includes first and second elongated heat sink bodies. The first and second elongated heat sink bodies are each formed from a respective electrically and thermally conductive material and also each extend from an LED coupling end of the heat sink to a lead end of the heat sink. An electrical insulator material connects the first and second elongated heat sink bodies together so as to bodies are electrically isolated from each other. Each elongated heat sink body also includes a respective LED coupling surface at the LED coupling end of the heat sink and a respective lead connecting surface located on the respective body at a location spaced apart from the LED coupling end of the heat sink.

An endoscope system including a control section that controls an LED driving section to supply driving currents to LEDs of a plurality of colors to cause the LEDs to emit lights in a frame-sequential manner and a processor that divides a total exposure period in one frame period of the frame-sequential light emission into ratios of light emission periods for each of the respective colors obtained by dividing light amount ratios of the lights of the plurality of colors, which should be received in a CCD, respectively by respective maximum light emission intensities of the LEDs of the plurality of colors and sets respective maximum light emission periods of the LEDs of the plurality of colors.

A distal end hood for an endoscope includes: a main body portion formed in a cylindrical shape in a longitudinal axis direction, wherein a distal end portion of an insertion portion of the endoscope is inserted inside through an opening on a proximal end side in the longitudinal axis direction, and the main body portion is formed such that part of a distal end surface in the longitudinal axis direction protrudes forward in the longitudinal axis direction; and a projection portion provided on an outer peripheral surface of the main body portion and formed in a rib shape extending toward a proximal end in the longitudinal axis direction from a protrusion end surface of a part of the distal end surface protruding in the longitudinal axis direction.

A light source includes a first LED to provide light of a first light wavelength spectrum along a first light path; a second LED to provide light of a second light wavelength spectrum along a second light path; a dichroic filter for passing light emitted from at least one of the first LED and the second LED and reflecting light emitted from at least one of the first LED and the second LED; an optical filter movable between a first position in which the optical filter receives light from the first light path and a second position of which the optical filter does not receive light from the first light path; a light output; a controller which is capable of switching the light source between a first mode for providing a first light to the light output and a second mode for providing a second light to the light output.

Various embodiments comprise endoscopes (e.g., arthroscopes) for viewing inside a cavity of a body. The endoscopes may include a tip, at least one solid-state emitter such as light emitting diode (LED), located at the distal end of the endoscope, an elongated member. The elongated member may include a plurality of lenses for transmitting light received from the tip member and an elongated conducting member for providing electric power to the solid-state emitter. The elongated conducting member may include conducting lines embedded in a flexible elongated insulating membrane. The tip member and the elongated member may be configured to dissipate heat generated by the solid-state emitter.

A light source includes a first LED to provide light of a first light wavelength spectrum along a first light path; a second LED to provide light of a second light wavelength spectrum along a second light path; a dichroic filter for passing light emitted from at least one of the first LED and the second LED and reflecting light emitted from at least one of the first LED and the second LED; an optical filter movable between a first position in which the optical filter receives light from the first light path and a second position of which the optical filter does not receive light from the first light path; a light output; a controller which is capable of switching the light source between a first mode for providing a first light to the light output and a second mode for providing a second light to the light output.

A novel dual-path-endoscope where a multi-function light source produces a first-light and a second-light toward an object. The first-light exhibits first-light-characteristics. The second-light exhibits second-light-characteristics different from the first-light-characteristics. The endoscope includes two light-paths, the disparity there between is larger than zero. Each light-path includes a respective pupil and a respective light-separator coupled with the pupil, transmitting there through one of the first-light and the second-light, associating the first-light and the second-light with a respective light-path. The dual-channel-imager includes two imaging sensors, each associated with a respective light-path and optically coupled with a respective light-separator. Each imaging-sensor exhibits sensitivity to the characteristics of the respective one of the first-light and the second-light. A first imaging-sensor acquires a first-image of the first-light reflected of the object and a second imaging-sensor acquires a second-image of the second-light reflected of the object. The processor processes the acquired images.

An imaging system includes a lighting controller for independently controlling emission of illumination light to be emitted by a light source in: (i) a non-all-line exposure period, which contains a reading period in which electrical signals are sequentially read out on a horizontal-line basis from an image sensor for one frame or one field period, and in which at least one horizontal line of the horizontal lines for the one frame or the one field period is not exposed to light, and (ii) in an all-line exposure period, in which all of the horizontal lines for the one frame or the one field period are exposed to light.