An apparatus and method for employing the macro- and micro-structure of sleep and similar states of consciousness to optimize pain-treatment are disclosed wherein an objective biomarker of pain-related sleep disturbance guides pain treatment from a sleep perspective. Furthermore, this concept can be extended to states of reduced consciousness such as coma or sedation. Additionally, it could be applied on individuals who are non-communicative due to injury, disease, language issues and/or infancy.

Disclosed are biofeedback methods and devices suitable for providing biofeedback useful for helping a user control an own breathing, for example, to help in inducing deep breathing, and such biofeedback devices further comprising a dispenser for dispensing an inflatable substance.

Equipment for carrying out cardiac autonomic neuropathy tests includes a base unit to which a mouthpiece is connected, forming an autonomous system for measuring the pressure and/or the pattern of breath, provided with a series of LEDs aimed at informing a patient, who is undergoing the test, about correctness or incorrectness of a test execution. The mouthpiece is provided with a flow sensor, aimed at measuring a patient's pattern of breath, and a pressure sensor. The mouthpiece includes also an atmospheric pressure sensor aimed at measuring the environmental pressure. The equipment includes also a sensor, aimed at measuring the heartbeat, applied by simple contact to the patient's wrist area, and an orthostatic measuring device aimed at measuring any change of the patient's position. Data can be introduced or analysed and the type of exam to do can be selected. Results of the tests can be stored in a memory.

A medication delivery system including a holding chamber having an input and an output end, a backpiece coupled to the input end of the holding chamber and having an electrical circuit and an opening. An MDI incudes an insert portion moveable between an engaged position wherein the insert portion is received in the opening and a disengaged position wherein the insert portion is removed from the opening, and at least one contact that completes the electrical circuit when the insert portion is in the engaged position.

A breath analysis device into which a user exhales a breath sample is capable of venting an initial portion of the breath sample from the device, and routing a second portion of the breath sample into a disposable cartridge containing an interactant. The device may include a sensor, such as a pressure sensor, for detecting the initiation of exhalation, and may include a controller that switches a valve during the exhalation process to route a desired portion of the breath sample into the cartridge. After the exhalation process, an LED/photodiode arrangement, or another type of optical sensor, may be used to measure a color change produced by a chemical reaction in the cartridge, to thereby measure a concentration of a ketone or other analyte in the breath sample.

Disclosed are biofeedback methods and devices suitable for providing biofeedback useful for helping a user control an own breathing, for example, to help in inducing deep breathing, and such biofeedback devices further comprising a dispenser for dispensing an inhalable substance.

A measurement cuvette for detecting at least one fluid constituent of a fluid flowing through the measurement cuvette by means of electromagnetic radiation, includes: a channel, which extends through the measurement cuvette along a channel path extending centrally through the channel; a coupling and detection portion, which extends, between its first longitudinal end and its second longitudinal end, along a linear longitudinal axis, detachably mechanically coupled to a radiation component; a physical orientation structure, which allows detachable mechanical coupling of the measurement cuvette to the radiation component in a predefined desired relative orientation and prevents the detachable mechanical coupling in an undesired relative orientation. The physical orientation structure is arranged and formed between the first and the second longitudinal ends of the coupling and detection portion.

A universal portable breath content analyzer is proposed for analyzing the exhale breath components under constant pressure maintained in the sealed housing of the analyzer via the use of a pressure sensor connected to central processing unit that controls operation of the air evacuation valve and a probe admission air valve to maintain a constant pressure regime.

A respiration monitor configured as a patching having adhesive on one side to allow adhesive attachment of the patch to a person. The patch includes a transmitter which generates a reference signal that is provided to a signal path. The signal path is configured to receive and conduct a transmitted reference signal such that the signal path has a length that increases when the person inhales and contracts when the person exhales. A receiver is configured to receive a received reference signal from the signal path. A controller is configured to control generation and transmission of the reference signal and processing the transmitted reference signal and the received reference signal to identify changes in the received reference signal due to transmission through the signal path as the signal path expands and contracts. This is done to generate respiration data that reflects respiration characteristics of the person.

An airway adapter forms a part of a breathing circuit that is connected to a test subject. A first cylindrical portion forms a male terminal that is fitted into a female member forming another part of the breathing circuit. A second cylindrical portion forms a female terminal that compartmentalizes a fitting portion into which a male member forming another part of the breathing circuit is fitted. An airway forming portion is disposed in an internal space compartmentalized by the first cylindrical portion, and forms an airway communicating with the fitting portion. A first sealing member is disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the first cylindrical portion and has higher flexibility than the first cylindrical portion.