In some embodiments of SCAPE imaging systems, a Powell lens is used to expand light from a light source into a sheet of illumination light. An optical system sweeps the sheet of illumination light through a sample, and forms an image at an intermediate image plane from detected return light. A camera captures images of the intermediate image plane. In some embodiments of SCAPE imaging systems, an optical system sweeps the sheet of illumination light through a sample, and forms an image at an intermediate image plane from detected return light. A camera captures images of the intermediate image plane. In the latter embodiments, the optical system is deliberately misaligned with respect to a true alignment position so that a significant portion of light that would be lost at the true alignment position will arrive at the camera.

Disclosed are transparent energy relay waveguide systems for the superimposition of holographic opacity modulation states for holographic, light field, virtual, augmented and mixed reality applications. The light field system may comprise one or more energy waveguide relay systems with one or more energy modulation elements, each energy modulation element configured to modulate energy passing therethrough, whereby the energy passing therethrough may be directed according to 4D plenoptic functions or inverses thereof.

An apparatus for beam shaping of laser radiation in the form of ultra short pulses includes an achromatic optical device comprising a first substrate having a first Abbe number and a second substrate connected to the first substrate and having a second Abbe number that is different from the first Abbe number. The first and second substrates are arranged to allow the laser radiation to at least partially pass through the first and second substrates in succession, wherein an optically functional transformation boundary surface is disposed on one of the first and second substrates. The optically functional transformation boundary surface allows the laser radiation to pass at least partially, such that a profile of the laser radiation is transformed into a top-hat profile.

Embodiments of this application provide a laser scanning apparatus, which is a key component of a Lidar and may be used in fields such as autonomous driving and intelligent driving. The scanning apparatus includes: a scanning micromirror chip, a packaging shell, and a packaging component. The scanning micromirror chip includes a scanning micromirror and a laser, where the scanning micromirror and the laser are integrated at different positions of the scanning micromirror chip. The packaging shell is located on the scanning micromirror chip, and forms a hollow structure together with the scanning micromirror chip. Both the laser and the packaging component are located in the hollow structure. In addition, the packaging component is fixed on the packaging shell, and is configured to collimate and reflect a beam emitted by the laser, and emit an output beam to the scanning micromirror.

For material processing of a material, which is in particular for a laser beam to a large extent transparent, asymmetric shaped modifications are created transverse to the propagation direction of the laser beam. Thereby, the laser beam is shaped for forming an elongated focus zone in the material, wherein the focus zone is such that it includes at least one intensity maximum, which is transverse flattened in a flattening direction, or a transverse and/or axial sequence of asymmetric intensity maxima, which are flattened in a sequence direction. After positioning the focus zone in the material, a modification is created and the material and the focus zone are moved relative to each other in the or across to the flattening direction or in the or across to the sequence direction for forming a crack along an induced preferred direction.

An illumination source apparatus (500), suitable for use in a metrology apparatus for the characterization of a structure on a substrate, the illumination source apparatus comprising: a high harmonic generation, HHG, medium (502); a pump radiation source (506) operable to emit a beam of pump radiation (508); and adjustable transformation optics (510) configured to adjustably transform the transverse spatial profile of the beam of pump radiation to produce a transformed beam (518) such that relative to the centre axis of the transformed beam, a central region of the transformed beam has substantially zero intensity and an outer region which is radially outwards from the centre axis of the transformed beam has a non-zero intensity, wherein the transformed beam is arranged to excite the HHG medium so as to generate high harmonic radiation (540), wherein the location of said outer region is dependent on an adjustment N setting of the adjustable transformation optics.

An optical path control member according to an embodiment comprises: a base substrate; a resin layer disposed on the base substrate and including a plurality of engraved parts spaced from each other; and a plurality of pattern parts disposed inside the plurality of engraved parts and spaced from each other, wherein each of the pattern parts comprises a first light shielding layer and a second light shielding layer disposed on the first light shielding layer, the height of the first light shielding layer is higher than the height of the second light shielding layer, and the overall height of each of the pattern parts is less than or equal to the overall height of the engraved parts and greater than or equal to 93% of the height of the engraved parts.

Systems and methods can align of one or more optical beams with respect to one another, an optical axis, a far-field location, and/or a near-field location. An example method includes coupling, with an index-matched epoxy, a plurality of adjustable optical surfaces and an optical element. Each adjustable optical surface of the plurality of adjustable optical surfaces is associated with a respective light-emitter device of a plurality of light-emitter devices. Additionally, the method includes causing at least one light-emitter device to emit light that interacts with at least one adjustable optical surface and an optical element to provide a transmitted light beam. The method also includes receiving information about a beam profile of the transmitted light beam, comparing the beam profile to a desired beam profile, and adjusting a position of the at least one adjustable optical surface with respect to the optical element based on the comparison.

Recording indicators for devices with cameras that provide protection from tampering so that the recording indicators cannot be easily disabled or masked. Recording indicators that are external to the camera lens and that emit visible light in an encrypted pattern are described. The device may process captured frames to detect the encrypted pattern; if the encrypted pattern cannot be detected, recording is disabled. In addition, modular accessories are described that the user has to attach to the device to enable recording; the presence of the modular attachment indicates to persons in the environment that they may be being recorded.

Recording indicators for devices with cameras that provide protection from tampering so that the recording indicators cannot be easily disabled or masked. Recording indicators that are integrated in a device's camera and that emit visible light through the camera lens aperture are described. In addition, modular accessories are described that the user has to attach to the device to enable recording; the presence of the modular attachment indicates to persons in the environment that they may be being recorded.