A display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device, and the display panel includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer; a first matrix including a plurality of grooves; and a second matrix, disposed in the grooves of the first matrix; the grooves are shaped so as to enable total reflection of light which is incident incident from the second matrix or the first matrix to an interface between the second matrix and the first matrix, and at least one of the first matrix and the second matrix is configured to change its refractive index in operation according to a change of a voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.

A temperature regulating unit is attached to a first incident surface of a first component through a first transparent electrode. The temperature regulating unit is composed of a Peltier element. The temperature regulating unit includes an opening through which the target light can pass. The temperature regulating unit has, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped outer shape in which a surface perpendicular to an optical axis is square-shaped. The opening is formed to penetrate through the temperature regulating unit in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis and has a circular shape in a plan view.

The present disclosure provides a device for reducing residual amplitude modulation. The device includes an electro-optic modulation device with three crystals connected in series. The three crystals are the first cubic crystal, an intermediate crystal, and the second cubic crystal respectively. The intermediate crystal is an electro-optic modulating crystal. The intermediate crystal is connected to the high-frequency signal source module. The specification of the intermediate crystal is X mmY mmd mm. The first cubic crystal and the second cubic crystal is connected to both ends of the intermediate crystal in series along the direction of the X axis. The relative dielectric constant of the first cubic crystal and the relative dielectric constant of the second cubic crystal both are equal to the relative dielectric constant of the intermediate crystal. The specification of the first cubic crystal and the specification of the second cubic crystal both are d/2 mmY mmd mm.

The present disclosure provides a device for reducing residual amplitude modulation. The device includes an electro-optic modulation device with three crystals connected in series. The three crystals are the first cubic crystal, an intermediate crystal, and the second cubic crystal respectively. The intermediate crystal is an electro-optic modulating crystal. The intermediate crystal is connected to the high-frequency signal source module. The specification of the intermediate crystal is X mmY mmd mm. The first cubic crystal and the second cubic crystal is connected to both ends of the intermediate crystal in series along the direction of the X axis. The relative dielectric constant of the first cubic crystal and the relative dielectric constant of the second cubic crystal both are equal to the relative dielectric constant of the intermediate crystal. The specification of the first cubic crystal and the specification of the second cubic crystal both are d/2 mmY mmd mm.

A system is provided, the system including at least one integrated optical circuit (IOC) formed from at least one material, and a support-structure configured to support the at least one IOC to couple light between other components. A performance of the at least one IOC is improved by treatment with at least one selected gas.

An optical modulator includes an optical modulation element that is accommodated in a housing. A plurality of lead pins, which are electrically connected to the optical modulation element through wire bonding, are fixed to a lateral wall of the housing. Each of the plurality of lead pins includes a portion that protrudes into an inner space (inner surface side) of the housing. A resonance suppressing structure (for example, a concave portion), which is configured to suppress resonance between the lead pins, is provided in a lateral wall portion to which the plurality of lead pins are fixed.

Provided is an optical modulator including: a relay substrate; a first transmission line that is provided on a flat surface of the relay substrate, and transmits, along the flat surface of the relay substrate, an electrical signal that has been input from an outer side; a second transmission line that is provided in the relay substrate, and transmits the electrical signal in a direction that is not included in the flat surface; a modulation unit that modulates an optical signal by using the electrical signal that is transmitted by the first transmission line and the second transmission line; and a shield that shields a radiation component of the electrical signal that is radiated from a contact of the first transmission line and the second transmission line.

Disclosed is an optical modulator module including an optical modulator configured to have a signal electrode and a ground electrode; a conductive package configured to accommodate the optical modulator and have electrical continuity with the ground electrode of the optical modulator; a substrate configured to have a ground electrode on a first surface thereof electrically connected to the package by solder or a conductive adhesive and have a signal electrode on another surface thereof; and a lead pin configured to electrically connect the signal electrode of the optical modulator to the signal electrode of the substrate.

An optical modulator includes: an optical modulation element which is accommodated in a housing and has a signal electrode; a lead pin for inputting a high-frequency signal; a relay substrate in which a conductor pattern which electrically connects the lead pin and the signal electrode is formed; and a conductive extension portion which extends along a length direction of the lead pin in a range which includes at least a position of a connection portion between the lead pin and the conductor pattern, in which the extension portion is electrically connected to the housing.

An optical modulator may include at least one ground electrode. The optical modulator may include at least one signal electrode parallel to the at least one ground electrode. The optical modulator may include at least one waveguide parallel to the at least one ground electrode and the at least one signal electrode. The optical modulator may include a first substrate disposed underneath the at least one ground electrode and the at least one signal electrode relative to a surface of the optical modulator. The optical modulator may include a second substrate disposed underneath at least a portion of the first substrate relative to the surface of the optical modulator. The optical modulator may include a floating conductor disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.