The optical device includes a substrate and an optical waveguide formed on the substrate, a protrusion portion is formed on the substrate adjacent to the optical waveguide. Accordingly, an optical device which can achieve further suppression of the light propagation loss and higher reliability is provided.

An asymmetric whispering gallery mode resonator device is described. The resonator device includes an asymmetric whispering gallery mode resonator disk (e.g., transparent material, electrooptic material). The resonator disk includes an axial surface along a perimeter of the resonator disk, a top surface, and a bottom surface. A first midplane passes through the axial surface dividing the axial surface into symmetrical halves. The top surface and the bottom surface are substantially parallel, and a second midplane is substantially equidistant between the top surface and the bottom surface. The first midplane and the second midplane are non-coextensive. The asymmetric whispering gallery mode resonator disk can further include a first chamfered edge between the top surface and the axial surface, and a second chamfered edge between the bottom surface and the axial surface. Moreover, the resonator device includes a first electrode on the top surface and a second electrode on the bottom surface.

This disclosure describes a system and method for providing multi-material selection for elimination of back-reflected acoustic waves to produce acoustic compensation of an electro-optic modulator (EOM) for use in the Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) and Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) spectrum.

An optical modulation element is provided with a substrate, a waveguide layer formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the waveguide layer, and an electrode formed on the dielectric layer. An outer peripheral end portion of the dielectric layer has an offset area positioned inside an outer peripheral end portion of the substrate. In at least a part of the offset area, a distance from the outer peripheral end portion of the substrate to the outer peripheral end portion of the dielectric layer is equal to or less than a distance from the outer peripheral end portion of the substrate to the outer peripheral end portion of the electrode.

An electro-optic modulation structure 110, a method for fabrication of the electro-optic modulation structure, and a method of optical modulation derived from an electro-optic modulation structure with low voltage of operation are disclosed. The low voltage operation of the electro-optic modulator is realized by designed electro-optic modulation structures that include the light confining waveguide 114, overclad layer 120 and modulating electrode structure 116 for applying modulation voltages that are directed towards a low voltage operation of the electro-optic modulation 110 device upon consideration of optimal optical loss. (FIG. 3).

Embodiments of this application disclose an electro-optic modulator and a transmitter. The electro-optic modulator includes a first waveguide, a second waveguide, at least one first modulation region, and at least one second modulation region. The first modulation region and the second modulation region are distributed in a first direction in which the first waveguide and the second waveguide extend. Electric fields applied to the first waveguide and the second waveguide in the first modulation region have some features different from features of electric fields applied to the first waveguide and the second waveguide in the second modulation region, so that an absolute value of an optical path difference generated by the first waveguide in the first modulation region is approximate to or equal to an absolute value of an optical path difference generated by the second waveguide in the second modulation region.

An electro-optic assembly comprises a first substrate and a second substrate. The first and second substrates are disposed in a parallel and spaced apart relationship so as to define a cavity therebetween. A primary seal extends between the first and second substrates. An electro-optic medium is located in the cavity and retained in an inboard direction by the primary seal. A plurality of first spacer elements are coupled to the primary seal. A break wall is located in the inboard direction or an outboard direction from the primary seal. The break wall extends between the first and second substrates and generally along the primary seal. A plurality of second spacer elements are coupled to the break wall. A space is defined between the primary seal and the break wall in the inboard-outboard directions.