A toner which has a toner particle and silica fine particle A on a surface of the toner particle, wherein a weight average particle diameter of the toner is 4.0 to 15.0 m, a carbon loss ratio when the silica fine particle A is washed with hexane is 5 to 70%, and a temperature at which a differential coefficient of a nine-point moving average of integrated values integrated from 35 C. reaches 4000 or more for an intensity of an obtained ion having a mass number (M/z) of 207 is 270 C. or higher, when mass spectrometry is carried out at a sampling interval of 0.4 seconds while heating the silica fine particle A under specific conditions.

A toner comprising a toner particle and a silica fine particle A on a surface of the toner particle, wherein: a weight-average particle diameter of the toner is 4.0 to 15.0 m; the silica fine particle A is a treated silica fine particle having been surface-treated; and areas of each peak which is obtained by a solid-state DD/MAS .sup.29Si-NMR measurement of the silica fine particle A and the silica fine particle A after washing thereof with hexane is in a specific range, and a full width at half maximum of the peak which is obtained by a solid-state DD/MAS .sup.29Si-NMR measurement of the silica fine particle A is in a specific range.

In an example of a method for reducing contamination, a purified imaging oil is formed by filtering an imaging oil through an imaging oil filter, and then filtering the imaging oil through a polar absorbent filter. A surface of an amorphous silicon photoconductor of a liquid electrophotographic printing apparatus is maintained by periodically applying the purified imaging oil to the amorphous silicon photoconductor.

A toner and a toner process including providing at least one hybrid metallic toner component selected from the group consisting of hybrid metallic-latex particles, hybrid metallic-wax particles, hybrid metallic-colorant particles, and combinations thereof; contacting the at least one hybrid metallic toner component with one or more components selected from the group consisting of a latex polymer, a wax; and a colorant to form a blend; heating the blend at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the latex polymer to form aggregated toner particles; adding a coalescing agent to the toner particles thereby coalescing the toner particles; and recovering the toner particles.

Provided is a yellow toner that has excellent pigment dispersibility, and thus gives a high image density and causes little fog. A yellow toner of the present invention includes at least a binder resin and a yellow pigment, wherein the binder resin is a copolymer that contains 67 to 88% by mass of a styrene-based monomer unit and 12 to 33% by mass of a alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer unit, wherein a content of the yellow pigment is 3 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin; and wherein a interfacial tension of a mixed solution of 9 parts by mass of the yellow pigment, 72 parts by mass of styrene and 28 parts by mass of n-butyl acrylate with respect to water, is 5 to 19 mN/m.

Herein is disclosed magenta liquid electrostatic ink compositions. In some examples, the electrostatic ink compositions comprise a magenta pigment, a basic dispersant, a resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups, a carrier liquid and a charge director, wherein the dispersant comprises a compound comprising a succinimide group linked to a primary, secondary or tertiary amine.

In an example of a method for reducing contamination, a purified imaging oil is formed by filtering an imaging oil through an imaging oil filter, and then filtering the imaging oil through a polar absorbent filter. A surface of an amorphous silicon photoconductor of a liquid electrophotographic printing apparatus is maintained by periodically applying the purified imaging oil to the amorphous silicon photoconductor.

In an example of a method for reducing contamination, a purified imaging oil is formed by filtering an imaging oil through an imaging oil filter, and then filtering the imaging oil through a polar absorbent filter. A surface of an amorphous silicon photoconductor of a liquid electrophotographic printing apparatus is maintained by periodically applying the purified imaging oil to the amorphous silicon photoconductor.

A positively chargeable toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle and an external additive attached to a surface of the toner mother particle. The external additive includes external additive particles each including a silica base and a coat layer covering the silica base. The coat layer contains lanthanum atoms. The coat layer has a surface having hydrophobicity.

A toner for electrophotography obtained by a method including: step 1: mixing a polyester and a polylactic acid at a temperature of 140 C. or higher and 200 C. or lower and subjecting the mixture to a transesterification reaction to provide a resin composition; and step 2: mixing the resin composition obtained in step 1 with a polyester which is identical to and/or different from the polyester of step 1, and a method for producing the toner. The toner for electrophotography of the present invention is suitably used in developing latent images formed in an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method, an electrostatic printing method, or the like.