A liquid developer comprising a toner particle, a carrier liquid, and a basic toner particle dispersing agent, wherein the toner particle contains a polyester resin A, and the polyester resin A contains at least one monomer unit selected from the group consisting of monomer units derived from aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having from 1 to 6 carbons and monomer units derived from aromatic monocarboxylic acids having from 7 to 12 carbons.

Described herein is a printed product and a process for preparing a printed product. The process may comprise providing a printed substrate comprising an electrostatic ink layer on a surface of a substrate, the electrostatic ink layer comprising a first thermoplastic resin and a pigment; and electrostatically printing an electrostatic overcoat composition onto the printed substrate, the electrostatic overcoat composition comprising a second thermoplastic resin and a wax. Also described herein is an electrostatic overcoat composition, as well as an ink set comprising an electrostatic ink composition and an electrostatic overcoat composition.

Described herein is a printed product and a process for preparing a printed product. The process may comprise providing a printed substrate comprising an electrostatic ink layer on a surface of a substrate, the electrostatic ink layer comprising a first thermoplastic resin and a pigment; and electrostatically printing an electrostatic overcoat composition onto the printed substrate, the electrostatic overcoat composition comprising a second thermoplastic resin and a wax. Also described herein is an electrostatic overcoat composition, as well as an ink set comprising an electrostatic ink composition and an electrostatic overcoat composition.

A liquid developer containing toner particles containing a resin binder and a colorant, an amino group-containing copolymer, and an insulating liquid, wherein the resin binder contains a polyester-based resin, and wherein the amino group-containing copolymer is a polymerized product of a monomer A having an amino group and a monomer B represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms and 5 or less carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms and 22 or less carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, wherein the liquid developer satisfies: Requirement 1: an amine value of the amino group-containing copolymer of 165 mgKOH/g or more, and a conductivity of the liquid developer being 5.010.sup.9 S/m or less; or Requirement 2: the liquid developer further containing an acid compound. The liquid developer of the present invention is suitably used in development or the like of latent images formed in, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

A liquid developer containing toner particles containing a resin binder and a colorant, an amino group-containing copolymer, and an insulating liquid, wherein the resin binder contains a polyester-based resin, and wherein the amino group-containing copolymer is a polymerized product of a monomer A having an amino group and a monomer B represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms and 5 or less carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms and 22 or less carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, wherein the liquid developer satisfies: Requirement 1: an amine value of the amino group-containing copolymer of 165 mgKOH/g or more, and a conductivity of the liquid developer being 5.010.sup.9 S/m or less; or Requirement 2: the liquid developer further containing an acid compound. The liquid developer of the present invention is suitably used in development or the like of latent images formed in, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

A binder resin of toner particles in a liquid developer contains a resin having a monomer unit derived from at least one polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylates with an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, and the binder resin has an SP value higher by 1.5 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.0.5 or more than the SP value of a carrier liquid.

A binder resin of toner particles in a liquid developer contains a resin having a monomer unit derived from at least one polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylates with an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, and the binder resin has an SP value higher by 1.5 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.0.5 or more than the SP value of a carrier liquid.

A liquid developer containing a resin binder, a colorant, a dispersant, and an insulating liquid, wherein the resin binder contains a resin having an acidic group, and wherein the dispersant contains a dispersant X having at least one basic nitrogen-containing group selected from the group consisting of an amino group, an imino group, a cyano group, an azo group, a diazo group, and an azide group, and wherein a melting point of the dispersant X is 34 C. or higher; and a method for printing a fused image using the liquid developer. The liquid developer of the present invention is suitably used in development or the like of latent images formed in, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

A liquid developer containing a resin binder, a colorant, a dispersant, and an insulating liquid, wherein the resin binder contains a resin having an acidic group, and wherein the dispersant contains a dispersant X having at least one basic nitrogen-containing group selected from the group consisting of an amino group, an imino group, a cyano group, an azo group, a diazo group, and an azide group, and wherein a melting point of the dispersant X is 34 C. or higher; and a method for printing a fused image using the liquid developer. The liquid developer of the present invention is suitably used in development or the like of latent images formed in, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Some embodiments relate to an electrophoretic ink including particles that may have a negative charge, dispersed in a non-polar organic solvent. The ink includes a trialkylamine charge-control agent, selected from the following charge-control agents: tributylamine, triisobutylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, tri(2-ethylhexyl)amine, trioctylamine, triisooctylamine, tridodecylamine, triisododecylamine. The particles have a hydrophobic surface and an isoelectric point (IEP) or a point of zero charge (PZC) that is lower than the pKa of the charge-control agent.