The present invention provides a manufacturing method of a microneedle biosensor including a support layer including a) a step of forming a mold by forming grooves corresponding to shapes of microneedles of a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode in a solid resin block; b) a step of imprinting the working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode using acryl or PLA on the mold; c) a step of forming a support layer by coating an epoxy- or urethane-based photo-curable adhesion after performing the step b); d) a step of forming a metal layer by forming shadow masks corresponding to patterns of the working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode and sputtering an Au or Au+Ti/Cr adhesive layer, after performing the step c); and e) forming a passivation layer on the metal layer.

The present invention provides a manufacturing method of a microneedle biosensor including a support layer including a) a step of forming a mold by forming grooves corresponding to shapes of microneedles of a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode in a solid resin block; b) a step of imprinting the working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode using acryl or PLA on the mold; c) a step of forming a support layer by coating an epoxy- or urethane-based photo-curable adhesion after performing the step b); d) a step of forming a metal layer by forming shadow masks corresponding to patterns of the working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode and sputtering an Au or Au+Ti/Cr adhesive layer, after performing the step c); and e) forming a passivation layer on the metal layer.

A neural device system that can include a neural device configured to sense data associated with the subject or receive control input, an external device communicably coupled to the neural device, a storage medium communicable coupled to the external device, and one or more communications interfaces between the neural device, the external device, and the storage medium or components thereof, wherein the one or more communications interfaces comprise an encryption protocol.

A system for performing fluid level measurements on a biological subject, the system including at least one substrate including a plurality of microstructures configured to breach a stratum corneum of the subject, at least some microstructures including an electrode, a signal generator operatively connected to at least one microstructure to apply an electrical stimulatory signal to the at least one microstructure and at least one sensor operatively connected to at least one microstructure, the at least one sensor being configured to measure electrical response signals from at least one microstructure. The system also includes one or more electronic processing devices that determine measured response signals, the response signals being at least partially indicative of a bioimpedance and perform an analysis at least in part using the measured response signals to determine at least one indicator at least partially indicative of fluid levels in the subject.

A system for performing fluid level measurements on a biological subject, the system including at least one substrate including a plurality of microstructures configured to breach a stratum corneum of the subject, at least some microstructures including an electrode, a signal generator operatively connected to at least one microstructure to apply an electrical stimulatory signal to the at least one microstructure and at least one sensor operatively connected to at least one microstructure, the at least one sensor being configured to measure electrical response signals from at least one microstructure. The system also includes one or more electronic processing devices that determine measured response signals, the response signals being at least partially indicative of a bioimpedance and perform an analysis at least in part using the measured response signals to determine at least one indicator at least partially indicative of fluid levels in the subject.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides examples of a method for treating a demyelinating neuropathy. Electrodes can be placed on a muscle area of a patient to acquire a compound muscle action potential (CMAP) measure of the muscle integrity of the patient. A biological sample of the patient can be obtained. The patient can be identified as having a demyelinating neuropathy by inputting a conduction measure associated with a CMAP amplitude comprised in the CMAP measure into a regression model to determine a conduction measure that is within a demyelinating range defined by the regression model and determining, from the biological sample of the patient, a biomarker activity measure of the patient that is above a predetermined threshold. The method includes administering to the patient identified as having a demyelinating neuropathy a therapeutically effective amount of at least one agent used to treat the demyelinating neuropathy.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides examples of a method for treating a demyelinating neuropathy. Electrodes can be placed on a muscle area of a patient to acquire a compound muscle action potential (CMAP) measure of the muscle integrity of the patient. A biological sample of the patient can be obtained. The patient can be identified as having a demyelinating neuropathy by inputting a conduction measure associated with a CMAP amplitude comprised in the CMAP measure into a regression model to determine a conduction measure that is within a demyelinating range defined by the regression model and determining, from the biological sample of the patient, a biomarker activity measure of the patient that is above a predetermined threshold. The method includes administering to the patient identified as having a demyelinating neuropathy a therapeutically effective amount of at least one agent used to treat the demyelinating neuropathy.

The present disclosure provides an article for detecting extravasation into a tissue. The article includes a body having a first major surface, an opposing second major surface, a first side, and an opposing second side. The article further includes a first electrode disposed on the first major surface of the body. The first electrode includes at least one skin-penetrating microfeature. The article further includes a second electrode disposed on the first major surface of the body. The second electrode includes at least one skin-penetrating microfeature. The first electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode.

The present disclosure provides an article for detecting extravasation into a tissue. The article includes a body having a first major surface, an opposing second major surface, a first side, and an opposing second side. The article further includes a first electrode disposed on the first major surface of the body. The first electrode includes at least one skin-penetrating microfeature. The article further includes a second electrode disposed on the first major surface of the body. The second electrode includes at least one skin-penetrating microfeature. The first electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode.

Computer system is configured to receive electrocardiogram signal, from electrocardiographic sensor, configured to indicate cardiac cycle of heart of patient. Computer system is also configured to generate electrocardiogram tracing based on electrocardiogram signal that was received. Computer system is also configured to identify treatment time duration is configured to span a part of electrocardiogram tracing that was generated, and tissue layer is treatable during, at least in part, treatment time duration. This is done in such a way that, during treatment time duration, blood pressure within heart urges tissue layer to impart relatively lower amount of tissue force toward treatment device while treatment device is positioned proximate to tissue layer, and treatment device is activated to treat the tissue layer. The computer system is also configured to provide treatment time duration that was identified.