Disclosed are a reverse soldering connection structure of a microneedle and a wiring and a preparation process thereof. The reverse soldering metal layer of the microneedle is prepared; the reverse soldering metal layer of the wiring is prepared; the reverse soldering metal layer of the microneedle is aligned with the reverse soldering metal layer of the wiring, and they will be pressed to achieve reverse soldering connection between the microneedle and the wiring.

An exemplary system can be provide for facilitating electrophysiological recording and/or stimulation. The exemplary system can comprise a wireless neural interface device that can include a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit. A flexible printed circuit board can also be provided with the system that can include a plurality of electrodes coupled to the CMOS integrated circuit. In addition, an exemplary method can be provided for manufacturing a wireless neural interface device for an electrical stimulation. According to such exemplary method, it is possible to provide a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit that is mechanically flexible by being thinned. Further, it is possible to provide a flexible printed circuit board containing a plurality of electrodes. Then, it is possible to couple the flexible printed circuit board to the CMOS integrated circuit.

A method may include obtaining first and second time series (TS1), (TS2) of stimulation data, and a first and second time series of control data. TS1, TS2 may provide a plurality of pairs of data points such that each of the plurality of pairs include corresponding data points from both TS1 and TS2. The obtained time series may be analyzed by applying an algorithm (Alg) to TS1 and TS2 of stimulation data to create an algorithm value corresponding to each of the plurality of pairs of data points. Alg=(|TS1|+|TS2|)/2|TS1TS2|. Positive algorithm values for a predetermined period of time (AlgVarTime) may be summed to create a signal. Peak(s) in the signal may be determined, and a conduction velocity may be determined using a latency and a distance between a stimulus electrode and a recording electrode.

A method may include obtaining first and second time series (TS1), (TS2) of stimulation data, and a first and second time series of control data. TS1, TS2 may provide a plurality of pairs of data points such that each of the plurality of pairs include corresponding data points from both TS1 and TS2. The obtained time series may be analyzed by applying an algorithm (Alg) to TS1 and TS2 of stimulation data to create an algorithm value corresponding to each of the plurality of pairs of data points. Alg=(|TS1|+|TS2|)/2|TS1TS2|. Positive algorithm values for a predetermined period of time (AlgVarTime) may be summed to create a signal. Peak(s) in the signal may be determined, and a conduction velocity may be determined using a latency and a distance between a stimulus electrode and a recording electrode.

Described herein are embodiments of methods and apparatus for diagnosing neuromuscular diseases using an impedance-EMG needle, and for generating electrical impedance images using an impedance needle. Some embodiments provide an apparatus including an impedance-EMG needle, including both EMG electrodes and impedance electrodes, to measure both active and passive electrical properties of muscle. Other embodiments provide an apparatus including an impedance needle, including a plurality of impedance electrodes to measure impedance in tissue surrounding the impedance needle to generate an electrical impedance image. Use of such methods and apparatus may be advantageous in improving the accuracy of assessing and diagnosing neuromuscular disease.

Described herein are embodiments of methods and apparatus for diagnosing neuromuscular diseases using an impedance-EMG needle, and for generating electrical impedance images using an impedance needle. Some embodiments provide an apparatus including an impedance-EMG needle, including both EMG electrodes and impedance electrodes, to measure both active and passive electrical properties of muscle. Other embodiments provide an apparatus including an impedance needle, including a plurality of impedance electrodes to measure impedance in tissue surrounding the impedance needle to generate an electrical impedance image. Use of such methods and apparatus may be advantageous in improving the accuracy of assessing and diagnosing neuromuscular disease.

A muscle probe is provided for obtaining electromyography data and optical spectroscopy data from muscle tissue. The muscle probe comprises an elongate needle having an outer wall surrounding a needle interior, the needle interior comprising: a core electromyography electrode; and one or more optical fibres; wherein the needle is arranged to be inserted into a muscle, and further arranged to detect electrical activity from the muscle; and wherein the one or more optical fibres are arranged to direct incident light from a light source toward a target area of the muscle, and further arranged to receive scattered light from the target area. The present disclosure aims to provide a muscle probe to improve the diagnostic pathway for patients with neuromuscular disorders, by developing a minimally invasive bedside test of muscle health.

A muscle probe is provided for obtaining electromyography data and optical spectroscopy data from muscle tissue. The muscle probe comprises an elongate needle having an outer wall surrounding a needle interior, the needle interior comprising: a core electromyography electrode; and one or more optical fibres; wherein the needle is arranged to be inserted into a muscle, and further arranged to detect electrical activity from the muscle; and wherein the one or more optical fibres are arranged to direct incident light from a light source toward a target area of the muscle, and further arranged to receive scattered light from the target area. The present disclosure aims to provide a muscle probe to improve the diagnostic pathway for patients with neuromuscular disorders, by developing a minimally invasive bedside test of muscle health.

The present disclosure relates to a linear flexible electrode for a peripheral nerve and a manufacturing method thereof. A linear flexible electrode for a peripheral nerve is provided, wherein the flexible electrode includes an implantation portion and a fixing portion, wherein at least part of the implantation portion is implantable into a peripheral nerve bundle, and the fixing portion is configured to fix the flexible electrode to the peripheral nerve bundle or other tissues in the vicinity of the peripheral nerve bundle, wherein: the flexible electrode includes a first insulation layer, a second insulation layer and a wire layer between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer; and the implantation portion includes one or more electrode sites, each electrode site is electrically coupled to one of the wires in the wire layer, and in contact with the peripheral nerve after the flexible electrode is implanted into the peripheral nerve bundle to collect electrical signals from the peripheral nerve and transmit the collected electrical signals through the wires, or apply received electrical signals through the wires to the peripheral nerve.

The present disclosure relates to a linear flexible electrode for a peripheral nerve and a manufacturing method thereof. A linear flexible electrode for a peripheral nerve is provided, wherein the flexible electrode includes an implantation portion and a fixing portion, wherein at least part of the implantation portion is implantable into a peripheral nerve bundle, and the fixing portion is configured to fix the flexible electrode to the peripheral nerve bundle or other tissues in the vicinity of the peripheral nerve bundle, wherein: the flexible electrode includes a first insulation layer, a second insulation layer and a wire layer between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer; and the implantation portion includes one or more electrode sites, each electrode site is electrically coupled to one of the wires in the wire layer, and in contact with the peripheral nerve after the flexible electrode is implanted into the peripheral nerve bundle to collect electrical signals from the peripheral nerve and transmit the collected electrical signals through the wires, or apply received electrical signals through the wires to the peripheral nerve.