Systems and methods for electrocardiography monitoring use multiple capacitive sensors in order to determine reliable measurements of electrophysiological information of a patient. Relative coupling strength and/or reliability is used to select dynamically which sensors to use in order to determine, in particular, an electrocardiogram of the patient.

A system for providing a standard electrocardiogram (ECG) signal for a human body using contactless ECG sensors for outputting to exiting medical equipment or for storage or viewing on a remote device. The system comprises a digital processing module (DPM) adapted to connect to an array of contactless ECG sensors provided in a fabric or the like. A selection mechanism is embedded into the DPM which allows the DPM to identify body parts using the ECG signals of the different ECG sensors and select for each body part the best sensor lead. The DPM may then produce the standard ECG signal using the selected ECG signals for the different body parts detected. The system is adapted to continuously re-examine the selection to ensure that the best leads are selected for a given body part following a movement of the body part, thereby, allowing for continuous and un-interrupted ECG monitoring of the patient.

An apparatus includes: a first layer including first and second measurement electrodes disposed at a distance from one another, wherein the first and second measurement electrodes are skin electrodes that measure an electric physiological property from a skin; and a second layer disposed on top of the first layer including first and a second shielding elements that are electrically conductive and arranged to cover at least partially both the first and second measurement electrodes to protect the first and second measurement electrode against electromagnetic interference. Each of the shielding elements are connected to a skin electrode. The first shielding element and the second shielding element extend adjacent with respect to one another between the first and second measurement electrodes on a plane defined by the second layer. The second shielding element is electrically isolated from the first shielding element.

Method and apparatus for diagnosis of conductor anomalies, such as partial conductor failures, in an implantable lead for an implantable medical device are disclosed. In various embodiments, small changes in the lead impedance are identified by the use of a small circuit element that is incorporated as part of the distal end of the implantable lead. In various embodiments, the small circuit element is electrically connected to a lead conductor and/or electrode of the implantable lead. Methods of diagnosing conductor anomalies in accordance with these embodiments generate measured values that depend only on the impedance of the conductors and electrodes of the lead, and not on the behavior of the conductor-tissue interface and other body tissues.

Systems and methods for monitoring the condition of electrodes used in biological signal measurement are provided. One method includes applying a first test signal having a first frequency to at least one of a plurality of electrodes and applying a second test signal having a second frequency to at least one of the plurality of electrodes. Both frequencies are below a frequency range associated with the biological signal. The method further includes capturing the biological signal while applying the plurality of test signals and generating an output signal that includes both the measured biological signal and the plurality of test signals. The method further includes retrieving an output amplitude for each of the plurality of test signals from the output signal and calculating an estimated impedance for each of the plurality of electrodes based on the retrieved output amplitudes of the plurality of test signals.

Disclosed is a physiological signal acquisition device. The physiological signal acquisition device may include a first insulating membrane, first absorbent members, and at least two electrodes. At least two first guide grooves may be arranged in a first direction on the first insulating membrane, and the at least two first guide grooves may be insulated from each other. The first absorbent members may be arranged in the at least two first guide grooves and configured to absorb moisture. The at least two electrodes may be configured to contact a skin and acquire physiological signals, wherein the at least two electrodes may cover the at least two first guide grooves and may be attached to surfaces of the first absorbent members near the skin.

Patient electrodes, patient monitors, defibrillators, wearable defibrillators, software and methods may warn when an electrode stops being fully attached to the patient's skin. A patient electrode includes a pad for attaching to the skin of a patient, a lead coupled to the pad, and a contact detector that can change state, when the pad does not contact fully the skin of the patient. When the detector changes state, an output device may emit an alert, for notifying a rescuer or even the patient.

A patient monitoring system includes a capacitive electrode connectable to a patient to detect an output signal and a signal generator unit that transmits a carrier signal to the capacitive electrode, the carrier signal having a carrier frequency and a carrier amplitude. The patient monitoring system further includes an amplifier unit that amplifies the output signal detected by the capacitive electrode to generate an amplified output signal. A gain determination module in the patient monitoring system determines an output amplitude of a carrier frequency portion of the amplified output signal, and determines a system gain based on a comparison between the output amplitude and the carrier amplitude. A voltage determination module in the patient monitoring system filters the output signal to isolate a physiological signal detected from the patient, and determines a voltage of the physiological signal based on the system gain.

A patient monitoring system comprises a data acquisition device that records physiological signals from a patient, the data acquisition device having at least 3 receiving ports, each receiving port configured to connect to a patient connector. The monitoring system further includes a galvanic patient connector that galvanically connects a first receiving port of the patient connector and the patient, and at least a first capacitive patient connector and a second capacitive patient connector. Each capacitive patient connector capacitively couples a respective receiving port of the data acquisition device and the patient.

Methods and devices for correcting electrocardiogram (EKG) indication saturation may include receiving an EKG indication from at least one sensor and determining that a saturation condition has been met in response to receiving the EKG indication. Additionally, the methods and devices may include incrementing an EKG saturation level based on a determination that the saturation condition has been met. Moreover, the methods and devices may include determining whether the EKG saturation level satisfies an EKG saturation threshold. The methods and device may include disregarding at least a second EKG indication in accordance with a determination that the saturation level satisfies the EKG saturation threshold. The methods and devices may further include transmitting the second EKG indication to an output device in accordance with a determination that the saturation level does not satisfy the EKG saturation threshold.