In some embodiments, an electronic device for monitoring EEG data, may include one or more of the following features: (a) a housing, (b) a processor disposed within the housing, (c) at least one sensor operatively connected to the processor, (d) at least two EEG electrodes operatively connected to the processor and positioned on the housing for receiving EEG signals from an ear surface, and (e) a plurality of EEG electrodes, wherein the processor measures the impedance of the plurality of EEG electrodes.

Cardiac electrodes and techniques for testing application of the electrodes to a victim are described herein.

Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) based circuit for ECG protection under defibrillator pulse is disclosed. The SCR-based clamp is a symmetric structure for dual-direction voltage tolerance protection based on two anti-series P-well/N-well lateral blocking junctions isolated from P-substrate by the N-buried layer. The injector regions (n+/p+) are substantially lengthened in order to accommodate a larger number of contact rows than typically used for ESD pulses specification. A stack of metal layers may also be used to provide high current and heat-sink capability with each electrode metal layer fully filled with VIAs.

An electronic circuit configured to operate an analyte sensor, such as a glucose sensor, the circuit having at least a first and a second electrical connection configured to be connected to a first and a second electrode of the analyte sensor respectively. The electronic circuit has a voltage source and a common potential conductor section electrically provided on a potential of a pole of the voltage source, wherein, with the voltage source, an electric potential different from the potential of the common potential conductor section can be provided to the first electrical connection, and wherein the second electrical connection is connected to the common potential conductor section through one or more common potential connection paths wherein none of the common potential connection paths connects the second electrical connection to the common potential conductor section through fewer than three or more series-connected electronic components.

A physiological monitoring device (200) for application to a user's skin (10) employs a clinical-grade medical film (202) with a skin-compatible adhesive (402) disposed on the bottom side (201). Electrodes (420) are disposed on the bottom side (201) and sense a physiological metric from the user's skin (10). An elastomeric membrane (440) is integrated with the top side of the clinical-grade medical film (202). Undulated wires (430) are on an elastomeric membrane. An electronic circuit (204) is disposed on the elastomeric membrane (440) and is electrically coupled to the electrodes (420) via the undulated wires (430). The electronic circuit (204) senses the physiological metric from the electrodes (420), converts the physiological metric to a digital value, and stores the digital value for communication of the digital value to a remote device (210).

Neuromuscular monitoring is described that uses a novel lead assembly and a monitor that can select the appropriate electrodes on the lead assembly and calibrate the stimulation signals applied to the patient through the lead assembly. The monitoring can also set a noise floor value to reduce the likelihood of an erroneous train of four ratio.

An ECG controller for an ECG device is connectable to a base ECG lead system (e.g., a 12-lead system) whereby the ECG controller implements an ECG waveform morphology based and ECG lead redundancy based detection and classification of any cable interchange (e.g., a limb cable interchange or a precordial cable interchange) between the ECG controller and the base ECG lead system. Alternatively, the ECG controller is further connectable to a sub-base ECG lead system (e.g., a limb only-lead system or a limited precordial-lead system) whereby the ECG controller implements an ECG waveform morphology based detection and classification of any cable interchange (e.g., a limb cable interchange or a precordial cable interchange) between the electrode interface and the sub-base ECG lead system.

A method and system for multi-electrode monitoring of an internal electrical impedance of a biological object, using placing two arrays of electrodes on opposite sides of the biological object, wherein each of said two arrays comprise at least two spaced apart electrodes; performing session of measurements comprising imposing an alternating electrical current between pairs of said electrodes and obtaining voltage signals representative of a voltage drop thereon; calculating values of skin-electrode resistance for all said electrodes; comparing said calculated values of skin-electrode resistance therebetween, wherein result of the comparison exceeding a predetermined threshold value being representative of a potential failure in at least one of said electrodes.

Systems and methods for monitoring the condition of electrodes used in biological signal measurement are provided. One method includes applying a first test signal having a first frequency to at least one of a plurality of electrodes and applying a second test signal having a second frequency to at least one of the plurality of electrodes. Both frequencies are below a frequency range associated with the biological signal. The method further includes capturing the biological signal while applying the plurality of test signals and generating an output signal that includes both the measured biological signal and the plurality of test signals. The method further includes retrieving an output amplitude for each of the plurality of test signals from the output signal and calculating an estimated impedance for each of the plurality of electrodes based on the retrieved output amplitudes of the plurality of test signals.

A defibrillation circuit comprising a gas discharge tube and a light source arranged to pre-energize the gas discharge tube in order to provide predictable breakdown conditions of the gas discharge tube. The gas discharge tube may be used as an overvoltage protection device for the defibrillation circuit or for certain parts of the defibrillation circuit. An overvoltage protection device for medical devices is also described. The overvoltage protection device comprises a gas discharge tube and a light source arranged to pre-energize the gas discharge tube in order to provide predictable breakdown conditions of the gas discharge tube.