Described herein are catheters for use in analyzing neural activity of nerves that surround a biological lumen. Such a catheter comprises a handle including a first, second, and third actuators, and a shaft extending from the handle and including proximal and distal electrodes that are selectively deployable. The first actuator is configured to selectively deploy the proximal electrode in response to the first actuator being manually maneuvered. The second actuator is configured to selectively deploy the distal electrode in response to the second actuator being manually maneuvered. The third actuator is configured to selectively adjust a longitudinal distance between the proximal and distal electrodes in response to the third actuator being manually maneuvered.

Provided herein are apparatuses, systems and methods for non-invasively assessing synaptic dysfunction in a patient with Alzheimer's Disease. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied to at least one brain region of the patient. A plurality of TMS evoked potentials generated in response to the TMS applied to the at least one brain region of the patient is recorded with a plurality of electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes. At least one characteristic of the plurality of TMS evoked potentials is analyzed to assess synaptic dysfunction in the patient. An indication of the synaptic dysfunction assessment of the patient is output.

A method may include obtaining first and second time series (TS1), (TS2) of stimulation data, and a first and second time series of control data. TS1, TS2 may provide a plurality of pairs of data points such that each of the plurality of pairs include corresponding data points from both TS1 and TS2. The obtained time series may be analyzed by applying an algorithm (Alg) to TS1 and TS2 of stimulation data to create an algorithm value corresponding to each of the plurality of pairs of data points. Alg=(|TS1|+|TS2|)/2|TS1TS2|. Positive algorithm values for a predetermined period of time (AlgVarTime) may be summed to create a signal. Peak(s) in the signal may be determined, and a conduction velocity may be determined using a latency and a distance between a stimulus electrode and a recording electrode.

A method may include obtaining first and second time series (TS1), (TS2) of stimulation data, and a first and second time series of control data. TS1, TS2 may provide a plurality of pairs of data points such that each of the plurality of pairs include corresponding data points from both TS1 and TS2. The obtained time series may be analyzed by applying an algorithm (Alg) to TS1 and TS2 of stimulation data to create an algorithm value corresponding to each of the plurality of pairs of data points. Alg=(|TS1|+|TS2|)/2|TS1TS2|. Positive algorithm values for a predetermined period of time (AlgVarTime) may be summed to create a signal. Peak(s) in the signal may be determined, and a conduction velocity may be determined using a latency and a distance between a stimulus electrode and a recording electrode.

Systems and devices for providing stimulation to target tissue to locate nerves. Devices may incorporate the use of haptic feedback to provide surgeons optimal communication of device status and/or target tissue excitability. Haptic communication may also work in conjunction with visual indicators to provide dual confirmatory responses to the user or signal other information. Haptic communication is also used to be timed with the application of electrical stimulation to elicit a feeling of contraction in the surgeon's hands as they apply electrical stimulation to a target nerve that results in a muscle contraction.

Systems and devices for providing stimulation to target tissue to locate nerves. Devices may incorporate the use of haptic feedback to provide surgeons optimal communication of device status and/or target tissue excitability. Haptic communication may also work in conjunction with visual indicators to provide dual confirmatory responses to the user or signal other information. Haptic communication is also used to be timed with the application of electrical stimulation to elicit a feeling of contraction in the surgeon's hands as they apply electrical stimulation to a target nerve that results in a muscle contraction.

Disclosed is an implantable device for measuring an evoked neural response. The implantable device comprises a stimulus source configured to deliver neural stimuli via one or more stimulus electrodes to neural tissue, the neural stimuli being configured to evoke a neural response from the neural tissue. The implantable device further comprises a measurement amplifier configured to amplify a signal sensed between a first input of the measurement amplifier by a first measurement electrode and a second input of the measurement amplifier by a second measurement electrode subsequent to a provided neural stimulus, the sensed signal comprising the evoked neural response. The implantable device further comprises a control unit configured to: control the stimulus source to deliver a neural stimulus; and measure the evoked neural response of the amplified sensed signal. The implantable device further comprises one or more impedance elements configured to provide a negative impedance to at least one of the first and second inputs of the measurement amplifier.

Disclosed is an implantable device for measuring an evoked neural response. The implantable device comprises a stimulus source configured to deliver neural stimuli via one or more stimulus electrodes to neural tissue, the neural stimuli being configured to evoke a neural response from the neural tissue. The implantable device further comprises a measurement amplifier configured to amplify a signal sensed between a first input of the measurement amplifier by a first measurement electrode and a second input of the measurement amplifier by a second measurement electrode subsequent to a provided neural stimulus, the sensed signal comprising the evoked neural response. The implantable device further comprises a control unit configured to: control the stimulus source to deliver a neural stimulus; and measure the evoked neural response of the amplified sensed signal. The implantable device further comprises one or more impedance elements configured to provide a negative impedance to at least one of the first and second inputs of the measurement amplifier.

A system for controlled neuromodulation procedures is disclosed. A system for controlled micro ablation procedures is disclosed. Systems and methods for imaging, monitoring, stimulating, and/or ablating neurological structures coupled to one or more organs of the lower urinary tract (LUT) are disclosed. Such processes may be used to alter the hormonal secretions from one or more organs, to modulate the growth of an organ, alter the growth rate or rate of perineural invasion of a tumor, or the like. In particular such processes may be used to slow, halt and/or reverse the growth of a prostate gland or a prostate tumor.

The present invention relates to an immunoglobulin therapy. In particular, an immunoglobulin therapy for treating CIDP with non-axonal damage or mild axonal damage is provided.