Systems and methods for enhancing diagnostic evoked potential recordings of a nerve or nerve pathway of interest. A grid array of stimulating electrodes are placed on, over, or through skin in a location beneath which a nerve or nerve pathway is suspected to lie. A stimulator controls the grid array, where each electrode is independently controllable as active or inactive, as a cathode or anode, etc. A plurality of recording electrodes may record Somato-Sensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) and/or Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials (TCeMEP) in response to activation of the stimulating electrodes. A processor controls stimulating the stimulating electrodes, and receives responses from the recording electrodes, in a general search mode and a focused search mode in order to use a minimum stimulation intensity at which a maximum response amplitude is detected to continually stimulate the nerve or the nerve pathway.

An implantable device is configured to control application of a neural stimulus as defined by a stimulus parameter; measure via the measurement circuitry a characteristic of a neural compound action potential response evoked by the stimulus; and compute, using the stimulus parameter and the measured characteristic of the evoked neural compound action potential response, a characteristic of an evoked response that would be obtained from the neural stimulus if the patient were in a reference posture. A posture of the patient can be estimated from the computed characteristic and/or the computed characteristic can be used as a feedback variable of a feedback loop. Multidimensional histograms of datasets comprising at least one of the stimulus parameter and a feedback variable can be stored.

An implantable device is configured to control application of a neural stimulus as defined by a stimulus parameter; measure via the measurement circuitry a characteristic of a neural compound action potential response evoked by the stimulus; and compute, using the stimulus parameter and the measured characteristic of the evoked neural compound action potential response, a characteristic of an evoked response that would be obtained from the neural stimulus if the patient were in a reference posture. A posture of the patient can be estimated from the computed characteristic and/or the computed characteristic can be used as a feedback variable of a feedback loop. Multidimensional histograms of datasets comprising at least one of the stimulus parameter and a feedback variable can be stored.

The present disclosure provides a neural manufacturing device includes a two-dimensional nanomaterial layer in which a plurality of holes are formed, a mask layer disposed on the two-dimensional nanomaterial layer and having a plurality of openings each exposing the plurality of holes, a plurality of nanotubes each vertically disposed on the region of the two-dimensional nanomaterial layer exposed around the plurality of holes by the mask layer and having a passage for substance movement therein, a binding layer disposed on the mask layer to fill a region between and around the plurality of nanotubes to a given height, and an electrode structure disposed on the binding layer to be electrically connected to at least a portion of the plurality of nanotubes.

The present disclosure provides a neural manufacturing device includes a two-dimensional nanomaterial layer in which a plurality of holes are formed, a mask layer disposed on the two-dimensional nanomaterial layer and having a plurality of openings each exposing the plurality of holes, a plurality of nanotubes each vertically disposed on the region of the two-dimensional nanomaterial layer exposed around the plurality of holes by the mask layer and having a passage for substance movement therein, a binding layer disposed on the mask layer to fill a region between and around the plurality of nanotubes to a given height, and an electrode structure disposed on the binding layer to be electrically connected to at least a portion of the plurality of nanotubes.

Articles and devices comprising fluorinated elastomers, as well as methods of preparing fluorinated elastomers, are generally described. In some cases, such fluorinated elastomers can be used for sensing neural activity, e.g., by encapsulating electronic circuits, or other applications. Furthermore, according to certain embodiments, polymers can, surprisingly, be directly deposited onto layers comprising low molecular weight fluorinated elastomers, e.g., without swelling in the presence of certain solvents. Some embodiments are generally directed to devices and methods for treating fluorinated elastomers and subsequently depositing material onto the treated fluorinated elastomers. This may allow the fabrication and patterning of multilayered articles comprising fluorinated elastomers.

Articles and devices comprising fluorinated elastomers, as well as methods of preparing fluorinated elastomers, are generally described. In some cases, such fluorinated elastomers can be used for sensing neural activity, e.g., by encapsulating electronic circuits, or other applications. Furthermore, according to certain embodiments, polymers can, surprisingly, be directly deposited onto layers comprising low molecular weight fluorinated elastomers, e.g., without swelling in the presence of certain solvents. Some embodiments are generally directed to devices and methods for treating fluorinated elastomers and subsequently depositing material onto the treated fluorinated elastomers. This may allow the fabrication and patterning of multilayered articles comprising fluorinated elastomers.

Systems and methods for gesture control are described. In some embodiments, a system for assessing a physiological state of a user. The system may include the wearable device comprising one or more electrodes configured to be disposed adjacent to an external surface of the skin portion. A first timestamp may be determined. The first timestamp may indicate a first time at which a stimulus is presented to the user. A second timestamp indicating a second time at which the biopotential signals indicate an intention by the user to perform a responsive action may be determined. Based at least on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, determine a subject response time for the user. The subject response time may be compared to a baseline response time for the user to generate an assessment of a physiological state of the user.

Systems and methods for gesture control are described. In some embodiments, a system for assessing a physiological state of a user. The system may include the wearable device comprising one or more electrodes configured to be disposed adjacent to an external surface of the skin portion. A first timestamp may be determined. The first timestamp may indicate a first time at which a stimulus is presented to the user. A second timestamp indicating a second time at which the biopotential signals indicate an intention by the user to perform a responsive action may be determined. Based at least on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, determine a subject response time for the user. The subject response time may be compared to a baseline response time for the user to generate an assessment of a physiological state of the user.

A neuromodulation device for measuring an evoked response comprising a first electrode; a second electrode, wherein the first and second electrodes are alternately configured as a stimulation electrode; a sensing electrode for sensing an evoked response to a stimulus pulse; and a controller configured to measure an evoked response at the sensing electrode after a stimulus pulse at a first stimulation electrode configuration and after a stimulus pulse at a second alternate stimulation electrode configuration, and to add said pair of measurements.