A method is disclosed for monitoring arterial pressure of a patient and identifying nociception of the patient. The method includes receiving, by a hemodynamic monitor, sensed hemodynamic data representative of an arterial pressure waveform of the patient. Waveform analysis is performed by the hemodynamic monitor of the sensed hemodynamic data to calculate a first signal measure and a second signal measure. Both the first and second signal measures are processed by the hemodynamic monitor through a cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm to acquire a first CUSUM output for the first signal measure and a second CUSUM output for the second signal measure. A nociception event of the patient is detected when a change in the first CUSUM output overlaps in time with a change in the second CUSUM output. A sensory signal is outputted to a user interface of the hemodynamic monitor to warn medical personnel of the nociception event.

Proposed are a perfusion imaging-based non-contact autonomic nervous system response multi-dimensional bio-signal measurement system and method, the system including a light source, a multi-dimensional multi-spectral camera, and a measurement diagnosis part. The light source is configured to emit light outside a visible light region, for measuring a multi-dimensional bio-signal in a non-contact manner. The multi-dimensional multi-spectral camera is configured to photograph amplified reflected light reflected after emitted from the light source, and generate an image sequence of the bio-signal accordingly. The measurement diagnosis part is configured to measure heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood flow per second, and blood pressure through image processing of the image sequence of the bio-signal generated from photographing by the multi-dimensional multi-spectral camera.

A preference determination apparatus includes: a stimulation unit configured to apply a visual, a tactile, and an auditory stimuli; an activity calculation unit configured to calculate degrees of autonomic nervous activity based on biological signals for the multiple stimuli respectively; a storage configured to store thresholds of autonomic nervous activity set in advance for the multiple stimuli respectively; and a determination unit configured to determine preference by comparing the calculated degrees of autonomic nervous activity with the corresponding stored thresholds, wherein the determination unit is further configured to determine that the preference is high when each of the calculated degrees of autonomic nervous activity for each of the stimuli is larger than each of the corresponding stored thresholds therefor, and when the calculated degree of autonomic nervous activity for the stimuli applied simultaneously is larger than the corresponding stored threshold therefor.

Systems and methods for performing, assessing, and adjusting neuromodulation therapy are disclosed herein. One method for assessing the likely efficacy of neuromodulation therapy includes positioning a neuromodulation catheter at a target site within a renal blood vessel of a human patient and obtaining a measurement related to a diameter of the renal blood vessel via the neuromodulation catheter. The method can further include determining a diameter of the renal blood vessel at or near the target site based on the measurement. In some embodiments, (i) one or more parameters of neuromodulation energy to be delivered to the renal blood vessel can be adjusted based on the determined diameter and/or (ii) the neuromodulation catheter may be repositioned within the renal blood vessel.

A novel method of predicting life expectancy in persons, in particular in persons that have an a priori reduced life expectancy, for instance if they suffer from ischemic heart disease (IHD). IHD-related depression, ANSD, type 2 diabetes mellitus is provided. Also disclosed is a related method for increasing life expectancy in human subjects, in particular in human subjects having an a priori reduced life expectancy. The disclosure also provides a method for evaluating the efficacy of drugs other treatment of ANSD. The present invention also provides a novel method for diagnosing and treating/preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus or IHD-related depression. Finally, the disclosure also provides a method for diagnosing autonomic homeostatic glucose dysregulation, and a novel method to re-establish normal homeostatic function, if disrupted, dysregulated or insufficient.

An intraluminal microneurography probe has a probe body configured to be introduced into an artery near an organ of a body without preventing the flow of blood through the artery. An expandable sense electrode and an expandable stimulation electrode are fixed to the probe body at one end of each electrode such that movement of the other end toward the fixed end causes the sense electrode to expand from the probe body toward a wall of the artery. A ground electrode is configured to couple to the body, and a plurality of electrical connections are operable to electrically couple the electrodes to electrical circuitry. The sense electrode is operable to measure sympathetic nerve activity in response to excitation of the stimulation electrode. A radio frequency ablation element is located between the expandable sense electrode and expandable stimulation electrode, and is operable to ablate nerves proximate to the artery.

In some embodiments, systems and methods can include a wearable device with an electrically conductive skin interface that excites the underlying nerves from a transcutaneous surface stimulator. The device may be sized for a range of user sizes with stimulation electrodes positioned to target the appropriate nerves, such as the peroneal, femoral, saphenous and/or tibial nerves. The stimulation may include burst stimulation, and involve receiving an input relating to autonomic nervous system activity of the patient.

Disclosed are methods and systems for treating epilepsy by stimulating a main trunk of a vagus nerve, or a left vagus nerve, when the patient has had no seizure or a seizure that is not characterized by cardiac changes such as an increase in heart rate, and stimulating a cardiac branch of a vagus nerve, or a right vagus nerve, when the patient has had a seizure characterized by cardiac changes such as a heart rate increase.

A point-of-use analysis with biosensors for peripheral body fluids (e.g., saliva, urine and sweat) and interstitial fluid provides measurements that gain insights to the stress response and inflammation. These measurements may be used in a closed-loop approach in which they are analyzed, and a subject's progress is measured and therapy controlled according to that progress. The point-of-use biosensors provide an opportunity to better understand the effects of stress in real-time and during normal life activities. The digital point-of-use biosensor device enable personalized medicine for many disease conditions.

Vision-based stimulus monitoring and response systems and methods are presented, wherein detection, via image(s) of a patient through an external stimulus, such as a caregiver, prompts analysis of the response of the patient, via secondary patient sensors or via analysis of patient image(s), to determine an autonomic nervous system (ANS) state.