Described herein are methods and systems for using EEG recordings to improve vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy. In particular, described herein are methods and systems for using EEG recordings to detect P300 and/or activation of the nucleus basalis and/or the locus coeruleus to determine the efficacy of VNS. The EEG recordings can be used to provide feedback control to help optimize stimulation parameters and to screen for patients that respond well to VNS therapy.

Pain factors are labeled with targeted agents or markers delivered into the body. The labeled pain factors are imaged with appropriate imaging tools in a manner allowing selective identification and localization of areas of pain source or transmission. The labeled pain factors allow spatial differentiation in the imaging sufficient to specify the location of the pain so as to drive therapeutic decisions and techniques in order to treat the pain. Pain factors labeled and imaged in this manner may include one or more of nerve factors, blood vessel factors, cellular factors, and inflammation factors. Labeled markers may include for example radioactive materials (e.g. tritiated or iodinated molecules) or other materials such as metal (e.g. gold) nanoparticles. Intermediary binding materials may be used, such as for example bi-specific antibodies. Therapeutic components of the system and method include for example localized energy delivery or ablation treatments, or local drug or other chemical delivery. Locations containing pain factor selectively bound by targeted agents are selectively treated with directed energy into a region containing the targeted agent bound to the pain factor.

The present invention provides an implantable neuromodulation system for delivering an electrical signal to a nerve to stimulate, inhibit or block conduction of action potentials in the nerve. The system comprises a neural interface device comprising first and second electrodes; a signal generator and a first closed-loop controller configured to generate a control signal based a property of the signal based on a measured voltage across the first and second electrodes, and cause the signal generator to adjust the electrical signal to modify the property of the signal.

A system includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a suture structure. The first electrode and the second electrode are both coupled to the suture structure. The system may deliver, via the first electrode, electrical stimulation signals to a nerve or nerve branch. The system may sense, via the second electrode, response signals based on delivering the electrical stimulation signals. The system may control parameters associated with delivering the electrical stimulation signals, based on sensing the response signals.

A nerve integrity monitoring device includes a control module and a physical layer module. The control module is configured to generate a payload request. The payload request (i) requests a data payload from a sensor in a wireless nerve integrity monitoring network, and (ii) indicates whether a stimulation probe device is to generate a stimulation pulse. The physical layer module is configured to (i) wirelessly transmit the payload request to the sensor and the stimulation probe device, or (ii) transmit the payload request to a console interface module. The physical layer module is also configured to, in response to the payload request, (i) receive the data payload from the sensor, and (ii) receive stimulation pulse information from the stimulation probe device. The data payload includes data corresponding to an evoked response of a patient. The evoked response is generated based on the stimulation pulse.

To achieve in vivo repair of severed mammalian nerve tissue, a system can be employed to induce distraction neurogenesis. At least a portion of the system can be anchored at an injury site, such as between distal and proximal nerve ends. The system can be attached to the proximal nerve end and can place the nerve under micro-tension for an extended period of treatment. The system may also deliver medication or treatment to encourage neurogenesis and to reduce pain in the subject receiving treatment. After the course of treatment, the device can be removed from the injury site, and the nerve ends rejoined.

Device, systems, and methods for cryoablation are described herein. In some implementations, the devices and systems are used to for cryoneurolysis or cryoablation of nerves. An example cryoablation probe includes a tubular member having a proximal end and a distal end. The tubular member has a probe tip arranged at the distal end. The probe also includes one or more energy elements arranged along an axial direction of the tubular member, and one or more sensor elements arranged along the axial direction of the tubular member.

Described herein are microelectrode array devices, and methods of fabrication, assembly and use of the same, to provide highly localized neural recording and/or neural stimulation to a neurological target. The device includes multiple microelectrode elements arranged protruding shafts. The protruding shafts are enclosed within an elongated probe shaft, and can be expanded from their enclosure. The microelectrode elements, and elongated probe shafts, are dimensioned in order to target small volumes of neurons located within the nervous system, such as in the deep brain region. Beneficially, the probe can be used to quickly identify the location of a neurological target, and remain implanted for long-term monitoring and/or stimulation.

A method of imaging nervous tissue, comprising acquiring functional imaging modality data from a functional imaging modality which images an intrabody volume of a patient having a body part, the patient having been injected with an imaging agent having a nervous tissue uptake by an autonomic nervous system (ANS); and locating the nervous tissue in the intrabody volume based on the functional imaging modality data.

An implantable device, or an associated computer program, for estimating a nerve conduction velocity. A stimulus is applied from one or more stimulus electrodes to a nerve. A digitised neural measurement of at least one compound action potential evoked by the at least one stimulus is obtained from one or more recording electrodes by measurement circuitry. The digitised neural measurement comprises a plurality of data sample points. The digitised neural measurement is processed in order to estimate within subsample precision a temporal position of a feature of interest of the compound action potential. From the estimated temporal position of the feature of interest, and from a propagation distance, a conduction velocity of the compound action potential is determined.