A system for controlling operation of a radiofrequency treatment device to apply radiofrequency energy to tissue to treat tissue to create lesions without ablating the tissue. The system includes a first treatment device having a plurality of electrodes. The electrodes are maintained in axial alignment and fixed radial spacing in retracted and extended positions. The device includes a basket having a plurality of arms. The arms are maintained in a fixed radial spacing in the collapsed position of the basket.

A laser can be controlled based on different tissue compositions, such as in real time. After a first time period, a first composition of a in vivo target site can be identified. Based on the first composition, a plurality of lasers can be controlled to emit light at a first wavelength where controlling includes activating a first combination of the plurality of lasers. After a second time period, a second composition of the in vivo target site different from the first composition can be identified. Based on the second composition, a plurality of lasers can be controlled to emit light at a second wavelength, such as can include activating a second combination of the plurality of lasers. The first combination of the plurality of lasers can be different from the second combination of the plurality of lasers.

A method for determining a characteristic of material at a target is provided. A target is illuminated with a pulsed light source. A fluorescence signal from the target when the pulsed light source is an “off” state is then sensed. Based on analysis of the fluorescence signal, a characteristic of material at the target is identified. A device can then be controlled based on the identified characteristic of the material at the target.

A system for controlling operation of a radiofrequency treatment device to apply radiofrequency energy to tissue to treat tissue to create lesions without ablating the tissue. The system includes a first treatment device having a plurality of electrodes. The electrodes are maintained in axial alignment and fixed radial spacing in retracted and extended positions. The device includes a basket having a plurality of arms. The arms are maintained in a fixed radial spacing in the collapsed position of the basket.

A system for performing robotic laser surgery is disclosed. The system comprises at least one surgery equipment, a surgeon terminal, and a communication module. Further, the system includes a surgical computer communicatively coupled to the at least one surgery equipment via the communication module. The surgical computer is configured to transfer data between the surgeon terminal and the at least one surgery equipment. The surgeon terminal is configured to modulate the tunable laser to conduct the surgical procedure in fully autonomous mode or semi-autonomous mode using robot controls. Further, a plurality of sensors is used to real-time data while performing surgical procedure and transmit the real-time data to the surgeon terminal.

Devices, systems, and methods to verify a magnetic field phase drift and to check for proper function of a laser fiber cooling system during laser ablation therapy are disclosed. The laser fiber cooling system includes a cooling catheter insertable into laser ablation target tissue, a coupling assembly to define fluid channels, inflow and outflow ports, a fluid pump to pump fluid through the laser fiber cooling system, a fluid source, a first sensor to measure an inflow fluid parameter, a second sensor to measure an outflow fluid parameter, and a processor. Methods of verifying and checking include measuring the fluid parameter, comparing the inflow and outflow parameter measurements to determine a comparison value, comparing the comparison value to a tolerance range, and signaling a user when the comparison value is outside of the tolerance range.

Devices, systems, and methods to verify a magnetic field phase drift and to check for proper function of a laser fiber cooling system during laser ablation therapy are disclosed. The laser fiber cooling system includes a cooling catheter insertable into laser ablation target tissue, a coupling assembly to define fluid channels, inflow and outflow ports, a fluid pump to pump fluid through the laser fiber cooling system, a fluid source, a first sensor to measure an inflow fluid parameter, a second sensor to measure an outflow fluid parameter, and a processor. Methods of verifying and checking include measuring the fluid parameter, comparing the inflow and outflow parameter measurements to determine a comparison value, comparing the comparison value to a tolerance range, and signaling a user when the comparison value is outside of the tolerance range.

An electrosurgical smoke evacuation pencil includes a handle housing having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion, the handle housing defining a lumen therethrough, a nozzle in fluid communication with the lumen, a pressure sensor configured to sense a vacuum pressure at the nozzle, a connector coupled to the distal end portion of the handle housing, the connector configured to couple to a suction source, and an electrode configured to couple to a source of electrosurgical energy.

A medical device includes a pair of jaws that grips biological tissue, is coupled at first ends of the jaws, opens and closes as a result of swiveling of at least one of the jaws, and comprises a pair of gripping surfaces facing when the jaws are closed, a motor that generates a closing driving force for closing the jaws, a driving-force transmission member that connects the jaws to the motor and that is configured to transmit the closing driving force from the motor to at least one of the jaws, and a controller that is connected to the motor and that controls the motor. The controller temporally changes magnitude of the closing driving force generated by the motor so as to shift peak positions of gripping pressure for gripping the biological tissue in the pair of gripping surfaces.

A method for adjusting the operation of a surgical instrument using machine learning in a surgical suite is disclosed.