An electrochemical detection electrode includes: a plurality of electrode structures; and a plurality of groups of detection structures on the plurality of electrode structures; wherein: the plurality of groups of detection structures include a first group of detection structures and a second group of detection structures, each of the first group of detection structures on one of the plurality of electrode structures having a first shape in a plane parallel to a surface of one of the plurality of electrode structures is configured to combine with a first detection object, each of the second group of detection structures on one of the plurality of electrode structures having a second shape in a plane parallel to a surface of one of the plurality of electrode structures is configured to combine with a second detection object; and wherein the first shape is different from the second shape.

The present disclosure relates to an electrode of an electrochemical measuring system and includes a housing having a chamber in which an electrolyte is arranged, and a potential-forming element which is at least partially arranged in the chamber such that the electrolyte at least partially wets the potential-forming element. A discharge line is made of coinage metal or of an alloy comprising a coinage metal and contacts the potential-forming element. A closure element closes the housing and guides discharge line therethrough. An adhesion promoter which comprises a glass and/or a glass-ceramic material and is arranged between the closure element and the discharge line.

The present application discloses improved multiple-use sensor arrays for determining the content of various species in samples of biological origin, in particular in the area of point-of-care (POC) testing for blood gases. The multiple-use sensor array is arranged in a measuring chamber, and the sensor array comprises two or more different ion-selective electrodes including a first ion-selective electrode (e.g. an ammonium-selective electrode being part of a urea sensor), wherein the first ion-selective electrode includes a membrane comprising a polymer and (a) a first ionophore (e.g. an ammonium-selective ionophore) and (b) at least one further ionophore (e.g. selected from a calcium-selective ionophore, a potassium-selective ionophore, and a sodium-selective ionophore), and wherein the first ionophore is not present in any ion-selective electrode in the sensor array other than in the first ion-selective electrode.

An electrochemical sensor for humoral detection and a detection device. The electrochemical sensor for humoral detection includes a material layer including at least one hydrophilic region; and at least one detection unit, located in the hydrophilic region. The hydrophilic region includes a sampling port configured to be in contact with a liquid sample (for example, saliva) to be detected, the detection unit includes a working electrode and an opposed electrode disposed apart from each other, the working electrode comprises a reaction surface containing a substance configured to have a reaction with an analyte in the liquid sample, and the working electrode and the opposed electrode are configured to detect an electrical signal generated by the reaction so as to detect the analyte.

Provided is a fabrication method for a composite planar pH sensor modified by graphene film including: slotting into substrate, setting copper foil on both sides, and setting leads on the copper foil; coating graphene film on the copper foils using micro mechanical stripping method to form the first graphene film and the second graphene film; depositing Sb layer and Sb.sub.2O.sub.3 layer successively on the first graphene film by magnetron sputtering method, and coating Nafion™ perfluorinated sulfonic acid membrane on the Sb.sub.2O.sub.3 layer by spin-coating method to fabricate pH working electrode; depositing Ag layer on the second graphene film and dipping in FeCl.sub.3 solution to form AgCl layer; coating the third graphene film on the AgCl layer to fabricate reference electrode. The composite planar pH sensor modified by graphene film may be used in pH measurement for solid, semisolid, mash and solution samples.

Methods and systems for identifying contamination of an electrochemical sensor (10) and cleaning the electrochemical sensor (10) are provided. A method may comprise scanning the sensor (10) for the first time using CV to generate a reference set of readings; scanning the sensor (10) for the second time after the sensor (10) has been employed; comparing a second set of readings from the second CV scan to the reference set of readings; when the second set of readings is different from the reference set of readings, determining that the sensor (10) potential has shifted; scanning the sensor (10) for the third time to clean one or more elements of the sensor (10); scanning the sensor (10) for the fourth time; comparing a fourth set of readings from the fourth CV scan to the second set of readings; and determining that the potential of the sensor (10) has shifted due to pollution of the sensor (10), and/or that the sensor (10) can be further cleaned.

A reference electrode including a casing through which one face at one side of a liquid junction that leaches an internal liquid is exposed, the casing being provided with an overhang portion that hangs out on the one face side of the liquid junction and prevents separation of the liquid junction from the casing; and an open portion that leaves a space on the one side of the liquid junction open toward a lateral direction along the one face.

The present invention provides an electrolyte measuring device that makes it possible to detect failure in the device with a high degree of accuracy. The electrolyte measuring device has: an ion-selective electrode to which an ion solution including ions is supplied; a reference electrode; a measurement section to measure a potential difference between the ion-selective electrode and the reference electrode; and a current measurement section to measure an electric current flowing in the reference electrode.

An electrolyte concentration measurement device includes: an ion-selective electrode supplied with the liquid; a reference electrode serving as a reference for a potential; a potential measuring unit configured to acquire a potential of the ion-selective electrode; a concentration calculation unit configured to calculate a concentration of ions contained in the liquid based on the potential acquired by the potential measuring unit; a potential monitoring unit configured to monitor a potential of the ion-selective electrode and generate a potential response curve; a timing signal acquisition unit configured to acquire a timing signal related to a timing of various operations; and a potential response curve analysis unit configured to detect an abnormality sign of a device based on a relationship between the potential response curve and the timing signal.

A reference electrode includes a metal body, a lead disposed within the metal body, an insulator disposed between the lead and the metal body, the insulator including a ceramic material, and a porous metal chamber coupled to the metal body, the lead extending into the porous metal chamber. The porous metal chamber is configured to maintain an electrolyte solution within the porous metal chamber to establish a redox couple with the lead.