In an embodiment, a hydrogen monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensing elements that individually comprise a working electrode, a counter electrode, an insulating layer located in between the working electrode and the counter electrode, a catalyst located on an end of both the working electrode and the counter electrode, an electrolyte located on the end of the sensing elements on both the working electrode and the counter electrode, between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and in contact with the catalyst, and an electrical circuit located on an opposite end of the sensing element that connects the working electrode and the counter electrode.

According to one aspect of the invention, a potentiometric sensor having a cathode and an anode. The cathode is configured to provide a summary voltage representative of at least two voltage points. The anode is configured to provide a first voltage. The cathode is in communication with the anode by a first electrolyte forming an open circuit having an open circuit potential. Within the first electrolyte is a concentration of a target ion. The open circuit potential mathematically corresponds to the concentration of the target ion.

The present disclosure relates to an ion-selective electrode for an electrochemical sensor for determining a measurand representing a concentration of an analyte in a measuring medium, including a probe body made of a first material and a sensor element including a base body made of a second material different from the first material and an ion-selective layer arranged on the base body. The probe body is connected to the base body by way of a liquid-tight joint, where the joint is formed by a receptacle, serving as a first joining partner, and a joining section protruding into the receptacle, serving as a second joining partner.

A gas sensor includes an electrochemical cell having a solid electrolyte layer disposed between a sensing electrode and a reference electrode; a heater disposed in thermal communication with the electrochemical cell, the heater having a positive heater lead and a negative heater lead; a reference gas channel; a reference chamber in fluid communication with the reference electrode; a pump cell having a first pump cell electrode in fluid communication with the reference gas channel and also having a second pump cell electrode in fluid communication with the reference chamber. The first pump cell electrode has a pump cell first lead which forms a first electrical junction with either the positive heater lead and the negative heater lead and the second pump cell electrode has a pump cell second lead which forms a second electrical junction with the same heater lead as the pump cell first lead.

A mixed-potential type gas sensor includes: a first sensing electrode containing a PtAu alloy and a second sensing electrode containing Pt, both sensing electrodes being provided on the surface of a sensor element made of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte; a reference electrode provided inside the sensor element to be made contact with air; a first protective layer group covering the first sensing electrode; a second protective layer group covering the second sensing electrode; and concentration identification element configured to identify the concentration of a sensing target gas component based on potential differences between both of the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode and the reference electrode. The response times of the first and second sensing electrodes are both equal to or shorter than 10 seconds, and the response time difference therebetween is 2 seconds or shorter.

The present invention relates to planar electrochemical sensors with membrane coatings used to perform chemical analyses. The object of this invention is to provide unit-use disposable sensors of very simple and inexpensive construction, preferably with only a single membrane coating on an electrode. The invented devices are potentiometric salt-bridge reference electrodes and dissolved gas sensors constructed with a heterogeneous membrane coating of a conductor. The heterogeneous membrane, which is an intimate admixture of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic compartment, concurrently supports constrained transport of non-volatile species through its hydrophilic compartment and rapid gas and water vapor transport through its hydrophobic compartment.

An apparatus including an integrated reference electrode and a fluid dispenser is described. The reference electrode includes a body and a tip. The fluid dispenser at least partially surrounds the tip of the reference electrode and includes an inlet, a chamber, and an outlet. The fluid dispenser is configured to receive a fluid sample from the inlet to the chamber and form a droplet of the fluid sample through the outlet so that the droplet is in fluidic contact with the tip of the reference electrode and associated with a known potential determined by the reference electrode.

An electronic component includes a field effect transistor that functions as a working electrode of an ion sensor and a driving circuit that causes a potential difference between a source electrode and a drain electrode of the field effect transistor. A reference electrode potential of the field effect transistor is fixed.

An electrochemical measurement system includes an electrochemical measurement plate configured to have first and second biological samples placed thereon and an electrochemical measurement device connected to the electrochemical measurement plate. The electrochemical measurement plate includes a first well configured to have the first biological sample placed therein, a first measurement electrode group including first measurement electrodes provided within the first well, a second well configured to have the second biological sample placed therein, and a second measurement electrode group including second measurement electrodes provided within the second well. The electrochemical measurement device includes measurement circuits, a switching section that connects the measurement circuits selectively to the first measurement electrode group and the second measurement electrode group, and a controller that controls a potential applied to the first measurement electrodes and a potential applied to the second measurement electrodes. This electrochemical measurement system has a small size.

The present invention provides methods and devices for detecting and distinguishing various types of gas molecules or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the methods and devices have enhanced sensing ability; namely response magnitude, sensitivity, detection limit and selectivity (i.e., classification capability). In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods and devices for diagnosing a disease in a subject or a health status of a subject through the detection of VOCs indicative of the disease or health status in question from breath of the subject. In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods and devices for detecting the existence of lung cancer or the stage of lung cancer in a subject through the detection of VOCs indicative of the existence of lung cancer from breath of the subject.