A sensing electrode includes a first electrode assembly, a second electrode assembly and a sealing component. The first electrode assembly includes an inner tubular body and a reference electrode component installed in the inner tubular body. The second electrode assembly includes an outer tubular body and a working electrode component installed in the outer tubular body. The first electrode assembly is installed in the outer tubular body. The sealing component is located between the inner and outer tubular bodies and provided to inhibit infiltration of an etching solution into the outer tubular body and leakage of an electrolyte from the inner tubular body. Thus, the sensing electrode has a better stability and service life.

The present disclosure relates to metal alloys for biosensors. An electrode is made from ruthenium metal or a ruthenium-based alloy. The resulting electrode has physical and electrical property advantages when compared with existing pure metal electrodes.

In a reference electrode for the potentiometric measurement of ion concentrations, comprising a swellable polymer body filled with at least one electrolyte salt and a potential sensing element of the second type located in the polymer body, preferably of the Ag/AgCl type, the polymer body is composed of preferably organic, hydrophobic prepolymer segments, which are three-dimensionally crosslinked by preferably organic, hydrophilic polymer chains.

Provided is an electrolyte analysis device capable of suppressing a burden with respect to measurement while suppressing a decrease in accuracy of a measurement result.

An electrolyte analysis device 100 that measures a concentration of a specific ion in a sample using a plurality of ion selective electrodes of an ion selective electrode group 102, and a reference electrode 103 includes a water supply tank 107 configured to store system water used for at least one of solution sending, probe cleaning, and temperature adjustment in the electrolyte analysis device 100, a specimen dispensing device 101 configured to dispense a sample to be measured, a dilution tank 106 configured to dilute the sample dispensed by the specimen dispensing device 101 with the system water, a water quality measurement unit 200 configured to measure the ion concentration of the system water in the water supply tank 107, and a control device 111 configured to control the electrolyte analysis device 100, in which the control device 111 performs water quality determination processing of determining whether a water quality of the system water is normal or abnormal based on a measurement result of the water quality measurement unit 200.

A silver-silver chloride electrode contains silicone rubber as a binder in which silver powder, silver chloride powder and silica powder are dispersed. A current density of a current flowing through an electric circuit is equal to or greater than 0.64 μA/mm.sup.2 after 5 minutes from the beginning of voltage application to the electric circuit when the electric circuit in which two silver-silver chloride electrodes and a phosphate buffered saline are connected in series is made up of the two silver-silver chloride electrodes and the phosphate buffered saline containing no calcium and no magnesium interposed between the two silver-silver chloride electrodes.

An electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) microfluidic device comprises at least one integrated electrochemical sensor, the electrochemical sensor comprising: a reference electrode; a sensing electrode; and an analyte-selective layer positioned over the sensing electrode. In some embodiments, the electrochemical sensor measures a concentration of an analyte in a fluid sample exposed to the electrochemical sensor based on a potential difference between the reference electrode and the sensing electrode. The first analyte and the second analyte can be selected from a group consisting of K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, Cl.sup.-, HCO.sub.3.sup.-, Mg.sup.2+, H.sup.+, Ba.sup.2+, Pb.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, I.sup.-, NH4.sup.+, (SO4).sup.2-.

Provided is an ionic-liquid-containing polymer capable of further downsizing a comparison electrode or the like and further improving the degree of freedom in design while reducing the manufacturing cost. The ionic-liquid-containing polymer used as a salt bridge of the comparison electrode contains an adhesive and a hydrophobic ionic liquid.

The present invention provides methods and devices for detecting and distinguishing various types of gas molecules or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the methods and devices have enhanced sensing ability; namely response magnitude, sensitivity, detection limit and selectivity (i.e., classification capability). In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods and devices for diagnosing a disease in a subject or a health status of a subject through the detection of VOCs indicative of the disease or health status in question from breath of the subject. In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods and devices for detecting the existence of lung cancer or the stage of lung cancer in a subject through the detection of VOCs indicative of the existence of lung cancer from breath of the subject.

An electrode with higher potential stability for repeated use and/or long-term use in an ion sensor is provided. The electrode includes an internal solid layer containing a metal oxide and a solid electrolyte and an electrode material.

A pseudo-reference electrode comprising a pseudo-reference glass material backed by a silver conductor comprising silver metal, wherein the pseudo-reference glass material is a chalcogenide glass comprising a silver chalcogenide Ag2Ch, wherein Ch denotes a chalcogen, or a halide glass comprising a silver halide and at least one glass-forming oxide of a metal or a metalloid, a mixture of two or more of these glasses, or a composite of at least one of these glasses. This pseudo-reference electrode can be used in ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors and ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs).