The present disclosure relates to an ion-selective electrode for an electrochemical sensor for determining a measurand representing a concentration of an analyte in a measuring medium, including a probe body made of a first material and a sensor element including a base body made of a second material different from the first material and an ion-selective layer arranged on the base body. The probe body is connected to the base body by way of a liquid-tight joint, where the joint is formed by a receptacle, serving as a first joining partner, and a joining section protruding into the receptacle, serving as a second joining partner.

A fluid analyzer for analyzing fluid samples comprising one or more analytes and a method of calibrating such. The fluid analyzer includes a control system to control at least one automated valve to pass at least three calibration reagents through a fluid channel to a secondary ion selective electrode, a primary ion selective electrode, and a reference electrode, and determine calibration information using calibration logic from signals generated by a meter, control the at least one automated valve to selectively pass different subsets of the at least three calibration reagents through the fluid channel to the secondary ion selective electrode, the primary ion selective electrode, and the reference electrode, and determine re-calibration information using the signals generated by the meter and at least one of the calibration information and re-calibration logic.

A pH measuring device is disclosed. One aspect includes a body unit including a hollow portion and a through-portion formed in a first region so that the hollow portion communicates with the outside; an electrode unit including a reference electrode and a sensing electrode including different materials and configured to measure the pH in a living body by allowing a first end to be located in the hollow portion and a second end opposite to the first end to be exposed to the outside of the body unit through the through-portion; and a wireless communication unit configured to transmit a pH measurement value sensed by the electrode unit to the outside.

The present invention relates to a method for chlorination of silver materials in the forms of wire, thick film paste and metallic sheet/disc. The method is environmentally friendly since the process does not produce hazardous chemicals or flammable gas. The electrochemical setup includes position the electrode containing silver materials in the anode and a platinum wire at the cathode. A DC voltage supply between 1 to 5 volts oxidizes the silver surface which receives chloride from imidazolium chloride solution to produce silver chloride on silver wire, film or disc. The imidazolium chloride reagent can be in aqueous solution or polar organic solvents or naturally exists in ionic liquid form. The imidazolium radical cation decomposes to produce a stabilized organic radical and an imidazole molecule. The stabilized radical recombines to produce volatile organic compound that can be recovered by simple distillation. The chlorination reagent can be regenerated by re-introducing the stabilized group at N.sub.1.

An electrochemical detector including at least one substance selection structure disposed adjacent or proximate to an electronic device structure, wherein the substance selection structure is arranged to interact with a target substance so as to alter an electrical characteristic of the electronic device structure.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element including an adjustment pump cell and a measurement pump cell, and a control unit including a pump control part. The pump control part performs a startup pump control at a startup of the sensor element, and a steady driving pump control at a steady drive after the startup. In the startup pump control, the pump control part applies, between an inner pump electrode and an outer pump electrode of the adjustment pump cell, a startup voltage of the adjustment pump cell that is higher than a voltage applied in the steady driving pump control; and applies, between an inner measurement electrode and an outer measurement electrode of the measurement pump cell, a startup voltage of the measurement pump cell that is higher than a voltage applied in the steady driving pump control and lower than the startup voltage of the adjustment pump cell.

The present disclosure provides potentiometric ion selective electrodes, methods for preparing the potentiometric ion selective electrode, a microfluidic electrode array comprising the potentiometric ion selective electrodes, and methods of using the microfluidic electrode array to measure inorganic cations and inorganic anions in a solution.

A gas sensor includes an element body having an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte layer and internally provided with a measurement-object gas flow section that introduces a measurement-object gas and allows the gas to flow; a measurement-object gas-side electrode disposed in a portion of the element body, the portion being exposed to the measurement-object gas; and a reference electrode disposed inside of the element body. Let A [μA] be a limiting current when oxygen is pumped from the surroundings of the measurement-object gas-side electrode to the surroundings of the reference electrode with the measurement-object gas introduction section, and B [μA] be a limiting current when oxygen is pumped from the surroundings of the reference electrode to the surroundings of the measurement-object gas-side electrode with the reference gas introduction section, then a ratio A/B is greater than or equal to 0.005.

A device for measuring pH levels and contaminant concentration includes an electrode assembly that is electrically coupled to a control unit. The electrode assembly includes a FLUID first contact electrically coupled to a reference electrode, a second contact electrically coupled to a working electrode, and a third contact electrically coupled to a counter electrode. The working electrode may be modified to include a cysteine functionalized graphene oxide with polypyrrole nanocomposite. In operation, the control unit may apply a complex signal to the working electrode via the second contact in order to adhere and subsequently strip contaminant ions from the fluid sample to the working electrode. During this process, a current may be measured across the reference electrode and the counter electrode to measure contaminant ion concentration. The pH of the fluid sample may also be determined by a current measured across the reference electrode and the counter electrode. In some examples, the pH may be used to calibrate the measured levels of the contaminant ions.

A gas sensor includes an element body, a pump cell, an impedance measurer, and a calculation unit. The pump cell has an inner electrode disposed in a measurement-object gas flow section of the element body, and an outer electrode disposed outside an element body to come into contact with a measurement-object gas, the pump cell being configured to adjust an oxygen concentration in a vicinity of the inner electrode. The impedance measurer performs first measurement to measure a first impedance by applying a voltage having a first frequency to the pump cell, and second measurement to measure a second impedance by applying a voltage having a second frequency higher than the first frequency to the pump cell. The calculation unit calculates the reaction resistance index correlated with the reaction resistance of the pump cell, based on the first and second impedances.