The present disclosure relates to a potentiometric probe for measuring a measured variable that represents an ion concentration in a measuring medium, including a probe base including a sensor circuit, and two electrochemical half-cells arranged such that one of the half-cells surrounds at least one portion of the other half-cell, wherein at least one of the half-cells is configured as a module which is connected to the probe base via a mechanical and electrical interface. In another embodiment, one of the half-cells is a measuring half-cell including an ion-selective membrane and a terminal lead which electrically contacts the ion-selective membrane. The other half-cell is a reference half-cell, wherein the measuring half-cell and/or the reference half-cell are each configured as a module which is connected to the probe base via a mechanical and electrical interface.

Provided are devices and methods for a rapid, non-perturbative and energy-efficient technique for pH sensing based on a flexible graphene electrode. This technique does not require the application of gate voltage or source-drain bias, and demonstrates fast pH-characterization with precision. The disclosed technology is suitable for in vivo monitoring of tumor-induced pH variation in tissues and detection of pH changes as required in a DNA sequencing system.

The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical sensor for determining a measurand correlating with a concentration of an analyte in a measuring fluid, comprising: a sensor membrane designed to be in contact with the measuring fluid for detecting measured values of the measurand; a probe housing which has at least one immersion region designed for immersion into the measuring fluid, wherein the sensor membrane is arranged in the immersion region of the probe housing; and a measurement circuit which is at least partially contained in the probe housing and is designed to generate and output a measurement signal dependent on the measurand, wherein the sensor membrane contains an optically detectable substance for marking the sensor membrane.

The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical sensor for determining a measurand correlating with a concentration of an analyte in a measuring fluid, comprising: a sensor membrane designed to be in contact with the measuring fluid for detecting measured values of the measurand; a probe housing which has at least one immersion region designed for immersion into the measuring fluid, wherein the sensor membrane is arranged in the immersion region of the probe housing; and a measurement circuit which is at least partially contained in the probe housing and is designed to generate and output a measurement signal dependent on the measurand, wherein the sensor membrane contains an optically detectable substance for marking the sensor membrane.

A pseudo-reference electrode comprising a pseudo-reference glass material backed by a silver conductor comprising silver metal, wherein the pseudo-reference glass material is a chalcogenide glass comprising a silver chalcogenide Ag2Ch, wherein Ch denotes a chalcogen, or a halide glass comprising a silver halide and at least one glass-forming oxide of a metal or a metalloid, a mixture of two or more of these glasses, or a composite of at least one of these glasses. This pseudo-reference electrode can be used in ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors and ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs).

A pseudo-reference electrode comprising a pseudo-reference glass material backed by a silver conductor comprising silver metal, wherein the pseudo-reference glass material is a chalcogenide glass comprising a silver chalcogenide Ag2Ch, wherein Ch denotes a chalcogen, or a halide glass comprising a silver halide and at least one glass-forming oxide of a metal or a metalloid, a mixture of two or more of these glasses, or a composite of at least one of these glasses. This pseudo-reference electrode can be used in ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors and ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs).

An electrochemical ion sensor and a method for sensing a presence of at least one ion species in a solution are provided. The electrochemical sensor includes a solid-state electrolyte medium doped with an organometallic material, having an electrochemical affinity with the ion species, and a pair of electrodes electrically contacting the solid-state electrolyte. The electrochemical sensor also includes an electrical circuit configured to drive the pair of electrodes with an AC electrical excitation and to measure at least one parameter related to a complex electrical impedance of the doped solid-state electrolyte medium in response to the AC electrical excitation. The parameter may be an electrical resistance, an inductance or a combination of both, and represents the presence of the ion species in the solution when the solid-state electrolyte medium is exposed to the solution.

An electrochemical ion sensor and a method for sensing a presence of at least one ion species in a solution are provided. The electrochemical sensor includes a solid-state electrolyte medium doped with an organometallic material, having an electrochemical affinity with the ion species, and a pair of electrodes electrically contacting the solid-state electrolyte. The electrochemical sensor also includes an electrical circuit configured to drive the pair of electrodes with an AC electrical excitation and to measure at least one parameter related to a complex electrical impedance of the doped solid-state electrolyte medium in response to the AC electrical excitation. The parameter may be an electrical resistance, an inductance or a combination of both, and represents the presence of the ion species in the solution when the solid-state electrolyte medium is exposed to the solution.

An electrochemical sensor for potentiometric measurements in a measurement medium has a sensor head (201) at an end of a longitudinal sensor body (203). A sensing electrode (210) and a reference electrode (220) are disposed within the longitudinal sensor body. A liquid junction (223) is established between the reference electrode and the sensing electrode. The sensor is characterized by a protective outer shaft (250) into which a polymeric tube-like structure (230) is disposed, electrically isolating the protective outer shaft from a reference electrolyte.

An electrochemical sensor for potentiometric measurements in a measurement medium has a sensor head (201) at an end of a longitudinal sensor body (203). A sensing electrode (210) and a reference electrode (220) are disposed within the longitudinal sensor body. A liquid junction (223) is established between the reference electrode and the sensing electrode. The sensor is characterized by a protective outer shaft (250) into which a polymeric tube-like structure (230) is disposed, electrically isolating the protective outer shaft from a reference electrolyte.