An embodiment provides a method for measuring total oxidant in a seawater sample, comprising: forming a seawater solution and a formed iodine by introducing a buffer and an iodide reagent to a seawater sample, wherein the seawater sample contains an amount of oxidant; placing the seawater solution in a measurement device, wherein the measurement device comprises a boron doped diamond working electrode reacting with the seawater solution and the formed iodine, wherein an electrochemical process reduces the formed iodine to iodide; and measuring the amount of total oxidant in the seawater sample by measuring, using the measurement device, an amount of iodide in the seawater sample. Other aspects are described and claimed.

An embodiment provides a method for measuring total oxidant in a seawater sample, comprising: forming a seawater solution and a formed iodine by introducing a buffer and an iodide reagent to a seawater sample, wherein the seawater sample contains an amount of oxidant; placing the seawater solution in a measurement device, wherein the measurement device comprises a boron doped diamond working electrode reacting with the seawater solution and the formed iodine, wherein an electrochemical process reduces the formed iodine to iodide; and measuring the amount of total oxidant in the seawater sample by measuring, using the measurement device, an amount of iodide in the seawater sample. Other aspects are described and claimed.

A pH measuring device configured to measure a pH of a target liquid includes a main body block including a cavity, a supply line communicating with the cavity, a first drain line communicating with the cavity, and a target liquid supply valve configured to adjust a supply of the target liquid into the supply line. The main body block has an integral structure in which a pH sensor is supported such that the pH sensor is in contact with the target liquid within the cavity.

A pH measuring device configured to measure a pH of a target liquid includes a main body block including a cavity, a supply line communicating with the cavity, a first drain line communicating with the cavity, and a target liquid supply valve configured to adjust a supply of the target liquid into the supply line. The main body block has an integral structure in which a pH sensor is supported such that the pH sensor is in contact with the target liquid within the cavity.

A self-vibrating pH probe comprise a housing containing an electronic assembly to which is coupled a vibration source element so that at least a portion of vibrations caused by the vibration source element propagate to the electronic assembly, the vibration source element being controllable for at least on/off operation. The self-vibrating pH probe further comprising a pH probe member having a probe tip at a first end, the probe member extending from the housing and mechanically and electrically coupled by a second end to the electronic assembly so that at least a portion of vibrations propagating to the electronic assembly further propagate to the probe tip; and further including a processor coupled to the electronic assembly for coordinating operation of the vibration source element and operation of the pH probe member.

The invention relates to a method and a device for determining at least one analyte species in an analyte solution, preferably in n analyte solutions consecutively, a computer program comprising instructions related to the program and a computer readable medium having stored such computer program. The method involves a step of amperometric detection followed by cleaning the working electrode on-line by applying at least one cyclic electric potential to the working electrode.

The invention relates to a method and a device for determining at least one analyte species in an analyte solution, preferably in n analyte solutions consecutively, a computer program comprising instructions related to the program and a computer readable medium having stored such computer program. The method involves a step of amperometric detection followed by cleaning the working electrode on-line by applying at least one cyclic electric potential to the working electrode.

Improved methods of manufacturing highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensors are provided. The method may comprise washing the nanowell array electrodes of the biosensors with ferricyanide, preferably potassium ferricyanide. The method may also comprise washing the electrodes of the biosensors with methylene blue (i.e., methylthioninium chloride), either in addition to the ferricyanide and/or H2SO4 washing steps, or without the ferricyanide and/or H.sub.2SO.sub.4 washing steps.

Improved methods of manufacturing highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensors are provided. The method may comprise washing the nanowell array electrodes of the biosensors with ferricyanide, preferably potassium ferricyanide. The method may also comprise washing the electrodes of the biosensors with methylene blue (i.e., methylthioninium chloride), either in addition to the ferricyanide and/or H2SO4 washing steps, or without the ferricyanide and/or H.sub.2SO.sub.4 washing steps.

A sensing device is provided. The sensing device includes a base material comprising metal, metalized polymer, or a combination thereof; a first coating layer over the base material, the first coating layer comprising polystyrene; and a second coating layer over the first coating layer, the second coating layer comprising a fluorinated silane-modified polystyrene. Also provided are a method of making the sensing device and a method of electrochemical detection of an analyte in a liquid using the sensing device.