The present disclosure relates to solid electrolyte containing MgO partially stabilized zirconia doped with at least one of Mn and Co.

A gel for use in a pH or an ORP sensor, components of the gel comprising water, a reference electrolyte salt, a buffering system for adjusting pH of the gel, and a polymeric gelling agent, and the gel does not degrade under gamma irradiation.

According to one embodiment, a sensor includes an ionic liquid, a probe molecule, and a sensor element. The probe molecule selectively associates with a designated substance in the ionic liquid. The sensor element detects an association of the probe molecule with the designated substance.

A microbial sensor, system and method that can be used to determine the chemical environment and/or substrate concentrations in saturated and unsaturated natural and environments, such as soils, aquifers and sediments are disclosed. The system may be used for monitoring municipal and industrial treatment facilities and sites where chemicals or contaminants were released to natural environments. The electrochemical microbial sensor system can be referenced using either a cathode exposed to oxygen or a reference cell (silver/silver chloride or calomel) for monitoring natural or man-made environments.

A microbial sensor, system and method that can be used to determine the chemical environment and/or substrate concentrations in saturated and unsaturated natural and environments, such as soils, aquifers and sediments are disclosed. The system may be used for monitoring municipal and industrial treatment facilities and sites where chemicals or contaminants were released to natural environments. The electrochemical microbial sensor system can be referenced using either a cathode exposed to oxygen or a reference cell (silver/silver chloride or calomel) for monitoring natural or man-made environments.

A sensor and a measurement method for measuring hydrogen content in metal melt. The sensor has a solid proton conductor element, a reference electrode, a quasi-electrode to be measured, a reference compound, a through pipe and an insulating ceramic adhesive. The measurement method has the steps of: (1) inserting the sensor and a corrosion-resistant electrode into the metal melt, and making sure that the solid proton conductor element is fully immersed into the metal melt, the quasi-electrode to be measured is in direct contact with the metal melt and the contact surface is the electrode to be measured; (2) connecting a potentiometer and the reference electrode cable or the metal gas guide pipe to the corrosion-resistant electrode, and measuring a potential difference between the reference electrode and the electrode to be measured; and (3) calculating the hydrogen content S of the metal melt.

In one example in accordance with the present disclosure, a cell sorting device is described. The cell sorting device includes a microfluidic channel to serially transport individual cells from a volume of cells along a flow path. A sensor disposed in the microfluidic channel distinguishes between a cell to be analyzed and waste fluid. The cell sorting device includes at least two fluid transport devices disposed within the microfluidic channel. The at least two fluid transport devices include a cell ejector to, responsive to detection of a cell to be analyzed, eject the cell to be analyzed from the cell sorting device and a waste transport device to direct the waste fluid to a waste reservoir.

Analyte sensors and methods for fabricating analyte sensors in a roll-to-roll process are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes providing a roll of a polyester substrate having a first side coated with a layer of platinum, wherein the platinum is in direct contact with the polyester substrate; patterning the layer of platinum to form electrodes; punching the polyester substrate to form ribbons, wherein each ribbon is connected to a remaining polyester substrate web by a tab, and wherein each sensor includes an electrode; after punching the polyester substrate to form ribbons, depositing an enzyme layer over the portions of the working electrodes and coating the working electrodes with a glucose limiting membrane; after depositing the enzyme layer over the portions of the working electrodes and coating the working electrodes with a glucose limiting membrane, singulating the individual sensors by completely separating each individual sensor from the polyester substrate.

The control system of an internal combustion engine controls an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust sensor. The control system comprises a motoring device driving rotation of a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, a motoring control part configured to control the motoring device, a heater control part configured to control supply of electric power to the heater, and a temperature estimating part configured to estimate a temperature of the sensor element. The motoring control part is configured to drive the motoring device for a predetermined time when the temperature of the sensor element estimated by the temperature estimating part is outside a predetermined cracked element temperature region while the heater control part is supplying electric power to the heater, and stop driving the motoring device when the temperature of the sensor element is within the cracked element temperature region.

Provided is a gas sensor in which a protective cover has no looseness even by repetitive use. The gas sensor includes a sensor element for detecting a predetermined measurement target gas component in a measurement gas; a protective cover which protects a side of one end portion of the sensor element; and a housing which houses the sensor element. The protective cover includes a brim portion at one end portion of an outer surface of the protective cover. The brim portion is brought into contact with a contact surface provided in said housing, and is held between a swaging portion and the contact surface, the swaging portion extending from the contact surface while bending, so that the protective cover is fixed to the housing. The brim portion is tilted at a tilt angle of 5 or more and 15 or less relative to a plane vertical to a central axis of the gas sensor.