The use of ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) to detect methylated nucleotides in a DNA sample is described. A method of detecting methylated nucleotides in a DNA sample may include the steps of treating a sample of DNA with a reagent which discriminates between methylated and non-methylated nucleotides to provide treated DNA, amplifying the treated DNA and optionally sequencing the amplified DNA. An ISFET is used to monitor the addition of one or more dNTPs in the strand extension reactions during the amplification and/or sequencing step. Suitable apparatus is also provided.

The present invention relates to organic thin film transistors and the preparation and use thereof in sensing applications, and in particular in glucose sensing applications.

A DNA sequencing and blood chemistry analysis device is provided including one or more sensor chips and one or more sample wells, wherein each sample well is configured to form a seal with one of the sensors. The one or more sensor chips may comprise Graphene transistors, and each transistor having an associated sequencing probe. The sensor chips interact with a biological sample introduced into the sample well, wherein changes in the current, transconductance, and resistance of the Graphene transistors are indicative of a DNA binding process. Based on the associated sequencing probes, the DNA sequence present in a biological sample can be identified.

Provided is a CNT composite capable of achieving both high detection sensitivity and specific detection when used as a sensor. The carbon nanotube composite includes an aggregation inhibitor (A) and a blocking agent (B) attached to at least a portion of a surface.

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays including large FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

The present invention is intended to provide a method and a device for detecting a biomolecule with high sensitivity and high throughput over a wide dynamic range without requiring concentration adjustments of a sample in advance. The present invention specifically binds charge carriers to a detection target biomolecule, and detects the detection target biomolecule one by one by measuring a current change that occurs as the conjugate of the biomolecule and the charge carriers passes through a micropore. High-throughput detection of a biomolecule sample is possible with an array of detectors.

A method of manufacturing and using a nanofluidic NAND transistor sensor array scheme including a plurality of nanopore channel pillars, a plurality of respective fluidic channels, a plurality of gate electrodes, a top chamber, and a bottom chamber includes placing a sensor substrate in an electrolyte solution comprising biomolecules and DNA. The method also includes placing first and second electrodes in the electrolyte solution (Vpp and Vss of the nanofluidic NAND transistor); forming the nanopore channel pillars; placing the gate electrodes and gate insulators in respective walls of the nanopore channel pillars; applying an electrophoretic bias in the first and second electrodes; applying a bias in the gate electrodes; detecting a change in an electrode current in the electrolyte solution caused by a change in a gate voltage; and detecting a change in a surface charge in nanopore channel electrodes in the respective fluidic channels.

The subject invention provides materials and methods for detecting the presence and progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the presence of a substance of abuse and/or at least one therapeutic agent. Preferred embodiments provide that the detection of HIV infection is accomplished by applying electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to an apparatus comprising cultured cells of the central nervous system (CNS) such as, for example, human astrocytes (HA), and/or of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in contact with at least one sensing electrode. In some embodiments, the detection apparatus can be integrated with electronic components such as, for example, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), and miniaturized potentiostats. Advantageously, technology provided herein enables rapid (e.g., less than 20 minute) assessment of HIV infections suitable for point-of-care (POC) disease monitoring and treatment.

In a nanopore sensor, a nanopore disposed in a support structure has a nanopore diameter and nanopore resistance, R.sub.Pore. A fluidic passage, disposed in fluidic connection between a first fluidic reservoir and the nanopore, has a cross-sectional extent, along at least a portion of the fluidic passage length, that is greater than the diameter of the nanopore and that is less than the fluidic passage length. The fluidic passage has a fluidic passage resistance, R.sub.FP, of at least about 10% of the nanopore resistance, R.sub.Pore, and no more than about 10 times the nanopore resistance, R.sub.Pore. The nanopore is disposed in fluidic connection between the fluidic passage and a second fluidic reservoir. At least one electrical transduction element is disposed at the fluidic passage and electrically connected to produce an indication of electrical potential local to the fluidic passage.

Sensors having dimensions on the order of nanometers can be arranged in an array. The sensors can detect substances found in an environment. The array of sensors can be disposed on a substrate along with circuitry to control the operation of the array of sensors.