The present invention teaches multiple three-dimensional nanosensing geometries for simultaneously assaying both large and small bio-related molecules in one device. The invention delivers broader sensitivity and selectivity than devices that assay small or large molecules separately. The combination assays all classes of molecules, e.g., proteins, lipoproteins, nucleoproteins, lipids, phospholipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, simple sugars, hormones, volatile organic compounds, drugs, drug metabolites, etc. Broad collection enables i) rapid and accurate diagnosis, ii) likely courses of treatments, and iii) timely feedback that monitors and follows the progressions of treatment(s). In one example, a patient's pattern of blood lipids, proteins—including proteins with alternate cleavage patterns, peptides—including endocrine peptides, thyroxine (and/or other hormones), and drug metabolites, forms a profile specific to that patient at that time. The profile is inputted for analysis by comparing it to a library of pooled data. Applying artificial intelligence (AI) to this comparison allows accurate diagnosis and then can suggest historically validated treatments most suited to that patient.

A monolithic, three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) device includes a sensing layer, a memory layer, and a processing layer. The sensing layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) that are functionalized with at least 50 functional materials to generate data in response to exposure to a gas. The memory layer stores the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs, and the processing layer identifies one or more components of the gas based on the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs.

The present invention provides a self-healing field-effect transistor (FET) device comprising a self-healing substrate and a self-healing dielectric layer, said substrate and said layer comprising a disulfide-containing poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) polymer, wherein the dielectric layer has a thickness of less than about 10 μm, a gate electrode, at least one source electrode, and at least one drain electrode, said electrodes comprising electrically conductive elongated nanostructures; and at least one channel comprising semi-conducting elongated nanostructures. Further provided is a method for fabricating the FET device.

An example biosensor includes a substrate, a graphene layer disposed on the substrate, and a binding site bonded to the graphene. The binding site includes an antibody configured to bind a SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.

The techniques relate to methods and apparatus for conductance measurement. A device includes a fluid chamber, at least one sensor element configured to sense an analyte, wherein the at least one sensor element is in fluid communication with the fluid chamber, and a set of one or more electrodes in fluid communication with the fluid chamber for sensing a conductance of a fluid in the fluid chamber.

A carbon nanotube (CNT) ion-selective field effect transistor (IS-FET) integrated device is used to detect nitrate ion in water. The device is operated as an IS-FET sensor, holding the measured potential between the drain electrode and an external reference electrode constant with a potentiometric circuit. Transduction occurs by changes in the effective CNT film gate potential with changes in the phase boundary potential of an ion-selective membrane (ISM) film. Moreover, the nitrate ISM film makes the device highly selective towards nitrate sensing. This printable IS-FET nitrate sensor enables real-time and high-resolution measurements and recording of nitrate ion in water at low cost.

An apparatus includes a biosensor integrated circuit (IC) chip with sensing zones and/or well structures configured to receive a liquid with biological analytes. The chip includes a passivation layer with an opening over a channel layer and an array of graphene field effect transistors (gFETs) individually having a 2D graphene channel disposed on a dielectric oxide layer, a conductive drain, and a conductive source. A liquid gate is formed above the top surface of the graphene channel. The chip further includes reference electrodes formed in a metal layer, configured to contact the liquid, and disposed at a horizontal distance apart from the graphene channels. The individual gFETs are operable to enable a set of measurements to sense parameters of the biological analytes based on changes in a shape of Id-Vgs transconductance curves. A system and a method have similar structures and perform the functions of the apparatus.

A biosensor for measuring an electrical response from a biological sample. The biosensor includes a substrate, a passivation layer grown on a surface of the substrate, a patterned catalyst layer deposited on the passivation layer, and three electrodes grown on the patterned catalyst layer. The three electrodes include a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode includes a first array of electrically conductive biocompatible nanostructures that is configured to be an attachment site for the biological sample. The counter electrode includes a second array of electrically conductive biocompatible nanostructures that is configured to acquire the electrical response from the working electrode. The reference electrode includes a third array of electrically conductive biocompatible nanostructures that is configured to adjust a specific voltage around the working and the counter electrodes.

An analyte detector for detecting at least one analyte in at least one fluid sample is proposed. The analyte detector comprises at least one multipurpose electrode exposable to the fluid sample. The analyte detector further comprises at least one field-effect transistor in electrical contact with the at least one multipurpose electrode. The analyte detector further comprises at least one electrochemical measurement device configured for performing at least one electrochemical measurement using the multipurpose electrode.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide measurement devices and methods for detecting electrical characteristics of devices under test (DUTs), such as semiconductor nanowires. Techniques described herein provide programmable measurement devices that may be implemented in a compact form factor while being able to perform reliable measurements. In some embodiments, measurement devices described herein may be programmed to modulate signals for transmitting to a DUT, and may demodulate signals from the DUTs adaptively using self-programming techniques described herein. Such self-programming may include applying a programmable phase delay to oscillator signals used during demodulation. In some embodiments, such measurement devices may be implemented on a single circuit board, in a single integrated circuit package, or even on a single solid-state semiconductor die. Techniques described herein may enable reliable, inexpensive, and small-scale fluid sample measurement devices.